Apatite fission-track thermochronological constraints on the pattern of late Mesozoic–Cenozoic uplift and exhumation of the Qinling Orogen, central China

Hong, Chen; Hu, Jianmin; Wu, Guoli; Shi, Wei; Geng, Yingying; Qu, Hongjie

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.10.004

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Because a large number of normal faults developed around the Weihe Basin, during the Cenozoic (Rao et al, ), the deformations of the Qinling Mountains and the Weihe Basin were believed to be dominated by an extensional environment (Mercier et al, ). Previous studies proposed that the Cenozoic extension in this region was attributable to the far‐field effects of the India‐Asia collision (Hu et al, ), the outward growth of the NE TP (Chen et al, ; Tang et al, ), and/or the lower crustal flow beneath the Qinling Mountains (Liu et al, ). However, the mechanism for this extension has not been thoroughly discussed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our research area, there are two notable geological features, namely, the basin‐range system in the north that includes the Qinling Mountains and the Weihe Basin and the Dabashan Orocline system in the south that includes the Dabashan Mountains, the Shennongjia‐Huangling (SNHL) dome, the Hannan‐Micang (HNMC) dome, and the Sichuan Basin (Figure b). Although the uplift and exhumation of the Qinling Mountains (Chen et al, ; Enkelmann et al, ; Guo & Chen, ; Hu et al, ) and the extension of the Weihe Basin (Bao et al, ; Bao, Song, et al, ; Rao et al, ; Tang et al, ; Y. Zhang et al, ) have been studied thoroughly and separately, the relationship between the Qinling Mountains and Weihe Basin has not been fully discussed. In recent years, the Dabashan Orocline has received extensive attention (Dong et al, ; J. Li et al, ; Shi et al, , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flyover Crustal Structures Beneath the Qinling Orogenic Belt and Its Tectonic Implications

et al. 2018

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Determining high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3‐D) crustal structures of the Qinling Orogenic Belt (QOB) can reveal significant evidences to enhance our understanding of its tectonic evolution. By jointly inverting group and phase velocity dispersion curves, we obtain a high‐resolution 3‐D shear wave velocity model for the QOB. According to the obviously layered features, which include an E‐W trending high‐velocity structure in the upper crust (0–10 km), a transitional zone in the middle crust (10–30 km), and an approximately N‐S trending low‐velocity zone in the middle‐lower crust (20–40 km), we elucidate the crustal structure as a flyover model to explain how the crust beneath the QOB was deformed under the perpendicular force systems from the NE‐SW and E‐W directions during the Meso‐Cenozoic. First, the apparent NE‐SW trending low‐velocity zone in the middle‐lower crust indicates that the low‐viscosity crustal materials beneath the northeastern Tibetan Plateau did not flow eastward into the eastern Qinling terrane during the Cenozoic. Second, the extension in the northern Qinling Mountains and Weihe Basin was not largely affected by the lateral crustal growth of the NE Tibetan Plateau, which might be the result of deep mantle upwelling and/or residual effects from the subduction of the western Pacific plate. Third, during the Mesozoic, the high‐velocity structures beneath the Hannan‐Micang and Shennongjia‐Huangling domes served as anchors resisting the northward subduction, rotation, and continuous collision of the Yangtze Block. The eastward extruding Hannan‐Micang dome served as an indenter that eventually shaped the present‐day asymmetric style of the Dabashan Orocline during the Cenozoic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flyover Crustal Structures Beneath the Qinling Orogenic Belt and Its Tectonic Implications

et al. 2018

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“…The Weihe Graben initiated in the Eocene with accelerated exhumation since ~10 Ma [ Chen et al, ; Wan et al, ; Liu et al, ; Yu et al, ; Heberer et al, ]. Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic brittle deformation in the East Qinling was accompanied by cooling between 80 and 40 Ma at a rate of 1.2–10°C/Myr [ Ratschbacher et al, ; Enkelmann et al, ; Hu et al, ; Chen et al, ]. Denudation in the Sichuan Basin started at ~40 Ma by incision of the Yangtze River, and—likely—due to relief building across the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau [ Richardson et al, , ].…”

Section: Regional Low‐temperature Thermochronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sichuan Basin and beyond: Eastward foreland growth of the Tibetan Plateau from an integration of Late Cretaceous‐Cenozoic fission track and (U‐Th)/He ages of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Qinling, and Daba Shan

et al. 2017

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Combining 121 new fission track and (U‐Th)/He ages with published thermochronologic data, we investigate the Late Cretaceous‐Cenozoic exhumation/cooling history of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Qinling, Daba Shan, and Sichuan Basin of east central China. The Qinling orogen shows terminal southwestward foreland growth in the northern Daba Shan thrust belt at 100–90 Ma and in the southern Daba Shan fold belt at 85–70 Ma. The eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau experienced major exhumation phases at 70–40 Ma (exhumation rate 0.05–0.08 mm/yr), 25–15 Ma (≤1 mm/yr in the Pengguan Massif; ~0.2 mm/yr in the imbricated western Sichuan Basin), and since ~11–10 Ma along the Longmen Shan (~0.80 mm/yr) and the interior of the eastern Tibetan Plateau (Dadu River gorge, Min Shan; ~0.50 mm/yr). The Sichuan Basin records two basin‐wide denudation phases, likely a result of the reorganization of the upper Yangtze River drainage system. The first phase commenced at ~45 Ma and probably ended before the Miocene; >1 km of rocks were eroded from the central and eastern Sichuan Basin. The second phase commenced at ~12 Ma and denudated the central Sichuan Basin, Longmen Shan, and southern Daba Shan; more than 2 km of rocks were eroded after the lower Yangtze River had cut through the Three Gorges and captured the Sichuan Basin drainage. In contrast to the East Qinling, which was weakly effected by late Cenozoic exhumation, the West Qinling and Daba Shan have experienced rapid exhumation/cooling since ~15–13 Ma, a result of growth of the Tibetan Plateau beyond the Sichuan Basin.

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“…As the frontal part of the outward growth of the Tibetan Plateau, the WQL and the LPS have attracted many geologists, and a lot of geochronologic dating has been obtained from this region (Figure a). They define a rapid uplift/exhumation of LPS and WQL since ~10 Ma (Figure b; Chen et al, ; Duvall et al, ; Enkelmann et al, ; Lin et al, ; Wang et al, ; Yang et al, ; Zheng et al, ). But it is still vague about the latest landscape evolution and the erosion rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal profile of the Upper Weihe River: Evidence for the late Cenozoic uplift of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2018

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The Upper Weihe River (UP‐WHR) basin is located along the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. With the northeastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau since the late Cenozoic, it has involved foreland propagation and undergone obvious surface uplift. In order to determine the latest differential rock uplift and river incision, longitudinal profiles for 12 major tributaries of the UP‐WHR were extracted. Among them, 11 tributaries display uneven profiles with “slope‐break” knickpoints, suggesting that they are in a transient state and that the change in base level caused by tectonic forces may respond to the channel evolution. In addition, channel steepness index (ksn) was calculated to detect the spatial variations of the rock uplift rate. The results show that the north margin of West Qinling (WQL) and the south Liupan Shan (LPS) areas have a high uplift rate. Reconstruction of the paleochannel indicates that the Weihe River has an average incision of 354 ± 130 m since it formed, and the south tributaries have a higher incision of 144 ± 25 m than the north. An average river erosion rate of 0.25–0.3 m/ka was estimated, the WQL has a higher erosion rate of 0.1–0.12 m/ka than Longzhong Basin and the south LPS. This uplift and river incision can be correlated to the northeastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau since the late Cenozoic.

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Apatite fission-track thermochronological constraints on the pattern of late Mesozoic–Cenozoic uplift and exhumation of the Qinling Orogen, central China

Cited by 53 publications

References 83 publications

Flyover Crustal Structures Beneath the Qinling Orogenic Belt and Its Tectonic Implications

Flyover Crustal Structures Beneath the Qinling Orogenic Belt and Its Tectonic Implications

Sichuan Basin and beyond: Eastward foreland growth of the Tibetan Plateau from an integration of Late Cretaceous‐Cenozoic fission track and (U‐Th)/He ages of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Qinling, and Daba Shan

Longitudinal profile of the Upper Weihe River: Evidence for the late Cenozoic uplift of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

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