Apartment electrical wiring: A cause of extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure in residential areas

Abstract

Extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs) were measured at 696 points in a room of a Japanese apartment building. The building had 124 rooms with layouts and wiring identical to those of the studied room. ELF-MFs exceeded 0.4 microT in 24% of the living space, and the maximum value, 1.8 microT, was detected at floor level. Analysis of the MF distribution revealed that 60 Hz 100 V electrical wiring for room lights within the floor and ceiling had been laid out in large rectangles, equivalent to 1 turn coils. Further plotting of the vertical components every 0.01 m on the floor indicated that the depth of the cable was 0.23 m. Further studies should be conducted in order to confirm that the building investigated in this pilot study is typical of Japanese apartment buildings in terms of ELF-MFs.

Accuracy of short-term residential measurement in the prediction of 72-h exposure to power frequency magnetic field in households very close to high-tension transmission lines

“…The low capability of predicting 72-h ELF magnetic filed by the regression model was likely owing to lack of consideration of some other vital sources of indoor ELF magnetic field. Many studies have empirically demonstrated that a number of factors including loads on external power lines , electrical wiring in residential areas (Moriyama and Yoshitomi, 2005), residence age (Kavet et al, 1999), ground current and service loops (Kavet et al, 1999), and the use of domestic appliances (Mezei et al, 2001) are associated indoor ELF magnetic filed. Although previous studies demonstrated that high voltage transmission lines alone may contribute dominantly and substantially to the residential ELF magnetic filed (Levallois et al, 1995;The´riault and Li, 1997) at home close to the line, and that measured ELF magnetic field correlated well with the calculated field for residences within 50 m away from hightension power lines (The´riault and , the findings from this study indicated that consideration of high-tension power lines alone might be far from sufficient to predict residential exposure to 72-h ELF magnetic fields even in households very close to high-tension power lines.…”

A 60 Hz uniform electromagnetic field promotes human cell proliferation by decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels

“…Extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are produced when electricity is generated and transmitted, such as in transmission lines, railways, and electrical home appliances [ 1 ]. EMFs of 0–300 Hz are defined as ELF-EMFs.…”

“…EMFs of 0–300 Hz are defined as ELF-EMFs. We are exposed daily to 50–60 Hz ELF-EMFs produced by most electrical home appliances [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Analysis of individual‐ and school‐level clustering of power frequency magnetic fields

“…and electrical wiring within walls [Moriyama and Yoshitomi, 2005], as well as portable sources including office equipment, power cables, computer, printers, air conditioners and fans [Mezei et al, 2001]. It is also noticeable that the standard deviations were higher in the exposed group (0.51 mT) compared to those of the non-exposed group (0.27 mT), which may be related to the hourly fluctuations in electricity loading of the power lines, as well as the rapid reduction in the magnetic field which is discernible with increasing distance from the high-voltage power lines.…”