Apakah Nikel Indonesia Memiliki Keunggulan Daya Saing di Pasar Internasional?

Abstract

International trade is one of the fundamental ways to overcome the unequal distribution of goods or services to meet each country's needs. Nickel is a non-renewable natural resource, but its existence is always needed in various countries. Indonesia's decision to ban nickel ore in 2014 impacted the scarcity of nickel in importing countries. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian nickel ore commodities in the international market. Three variants of the approach in the form of X/M Ratio analysis techniques, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and Trade Specialization Index (TSP) are used to determine the value of competitiveness in the global market. This study uses secondary data in the form of time series data with a span of the last five years to describe the comparative advantage of Indonesian nickel ore from time to time. Meanwhile, in 2016 and 2020, it did not have an advantage due to the export ban policy by the Indonesian government. The Trade Specialization Index (TSP) approach found that in 2017, 2018, and 2019 Indonesia was at the stage of maturation of nickel ore exporters. This study suggests that the Indonesian government should optimize the production of nickel ore products that have been added to compete in the global market. Furthermore, the government must also be able to attract foreign investment to establish an iron ore smelter in Indonesia.

Kebijakan Pemberhentian Ekspor Biji Nikel Indonesia Tahun 2020

“…Besarnya cadangan biji nikel yang dimiliki, tingginya kemampuan Indonesia untuk memproduksi, serta karakterististik khusus (laterit limonit dan saprolit) menyebabkan tingginya permintaan ekspor seiring dengan keperluan bahan baku industri dan naiknya kebutuhan untuk produksi baterai (Kementerian ESDM, 2020a). Indonesia mengalami peningkatan transaksi ekspor biji nikel yang pesat dalam rentang waktu 2017-2019 dengan transaksi penjualan pada tahun 2017 yang mencapai 161,926011 Juta US$, 692,357118 Juta US$ pada 2018, dan 1.159,95295 Juta US$ pada 2019 (Suryanto, 2022).…”

Ekspor Nikel Indonesia Pasca Gugatan Oleh Uni Eropa Ditinjau Dari Teori Potensi Keunggulan Komparatif

“…Hal ini diharapkan akan mendorong investasi asing di Indonesia dan meningkatkan ekspor nikel. (Suryanto, 2022) Dalam jangka pendek, gugatan Uni Eropa terhadap Indonesia bisa mengganggu ekspor nikel Indonesia. Namun, dalam jangka panjang, Indonesia masih memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan ekspor nikelnya.…”

Implications of Nickel Ore Export Restrictions in International Trade Disputes

“…9 The presence of nickel in Indonesia is 4 million metric tons out of 80 million metric tons of world nickel reserves. 10 This is what makes Indonesia the largest nickel producing country and Indonesia occupies the first position as the largest nickel producer in the world. Data currently recorded by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, hereinafter referred to as the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, has nickel 5 Hikmahanto Juwana, Hukum Internasional Dalam Perspektif Indonesia Sebagai Negara Berkembang (Jakarta: Yarsif Watampane, 2010) h. 101.…”