Aortic Baroreceptors Display Higher Mechanosensitivity than Carotid Baroreceptors

Lau, Eva On-Chai; Lo, Chun-Yin; Yao, Yifei; Mak, Arthur F.T.; Jiang, Liwen; Huang, Yü; Yao, Xiaoqiang

doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00384

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…10 Aortic arterial baroreceptors are likely the "first responders," as they are activated at slightly lower pressure thresholds. 11 Low-pressure baroreceptors in the myocardium, pulmonary veins, and coronary circulation are distinct receptor types activated by specific stimuli 12 but are collectively termed cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. They control vascular resistance to mostly skeletal muscle, 10 renal sympathetic outflow, 13 sodium/water balance, 14 and renin release, 15 but they have only a minimal effect on heart rate.…”

Section: Afferent Baroreceptor Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Afferent Baroreflex Dysfunction: Decreased or Excessive Signaling Results in Distinct Phenotypes

2020

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Head and neck tumors can affect afferent baroreceptor neurons and either interrupt or intermittently increase their signaling, causing blood pressure to become erratic. When the afferent fibers of the baroreflex are injured by surgery or radiotherapy or fail to develop as in familial dysautonomia, their sensory information is no longer present to regulate arterial blood pressure, resulting in afferent baroreflex failure. When the baroreflex afferents are abnormally activated, such as by paragangliomas in the neck, presumably by direct compression, they trigger acute hypotension and bradycardia and frequently syncope, by a mechanism similar to the carotid sinus syndrome. We describe our observations in a large series of 23 patients with afferent baroreflex dysfunction and the cardiovascular autonomic features that arise when the sensory baroreceptor neurons are injured or compressed. The management of afferent baroreceptor dysfunction is limited, but pharmacological strategies can mitigate blood pressure swings, improve symptoms, and may reduce hypertensive organ damage. Although rare, the prevalence of afferent baroreflex dysfunction appears to be increasing in middle-aged men due to human papillomavirus related oropharyngeal cancer.

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Section: Afferent Baroreceptor Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Afferent Baroreflex Dysfunction: Decreased or Excessive Signaling Results in Distinct Phenotypes

2020

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“…This is intriguing given that arterial baroreceptors are located at both sites. Previous studies have suggested that the aortic baroreflex is more important than the carotid baroreflex in blood pressure regulation in young men (26) and that aortic baroreceptors have a higher pressure mechanosensitivity than carotid baroreceptors (15). In addition, the aortic baroreflex in isolation can produce a sustained inhibition of MSNA, whereas the carotid baroreflex cannot achieve this (26).…”

Section: Impact Of Barosensory Vessel Unloading Mechanics On Baroreflex Function In Young Menmentioning

confidence: 95%

The influence of barosensory vessel mechanics on the vascular sympathetic baroreflex: insights into aging and blood pressure homeostasis

Lord

Wakeham

Pugh

et al. 2020

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Changes in the arterial baroreflex arc contribute to elevated sympathetic outflow and altered reflex control of blood pressure with human ageing. Utilizing ultrasound and sympathetic microneurography (muscle sympathetic nerve activity; MSNA)we investigated the relationships between aortic and carotid artery wall tension (indices of baroreceptor activation) andthe vascular sympathetic baroreflex operating point (OP; MSNA burst incidence) in healthy, normotensive young (n = 27, 23 ± 3 years) and middle-aged men (n = 22, 55 ± 4 years).In young men, the OP was positively related to the magnitude and rate of unloading and time spent unloaded in the aortic artery (r = 0.56, 0.65 and 0.51, P= 0.02, 0.003 and 0.03), but not related to the magnitude or rate of unloading or time spent unloaded in the carotid artery (r = -0.32, -0.07 and 0.06, P= 0.25, 0.81 and 0.85). In contrast, in middle-aged men, the OP was not related to either the magnitude or rate of unloading or time spent unloaded in the aortic (r = 0.22, 0.21 and 0.27, P= 0.41, 0.43 and 031) or carotid artery (r = 0.48, 0.28 and -0.01, P= 0.06, 0.25 and 0.98). In conclusion, in young men, aortic unloading mechanics may play a role in determining the vascular sympathetic baroreflex OP. In contrast, in middle-aged men, barosensory vessel unloading mechanics do not appear to determine the vascular sympathetic baroreflex OP, and therefore do not contribute to age-related arterial baroreflex resetting and increased resting MSNA.

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“…As regards functional comparison between carotid and aortic baroreceptors, conflicting results are found in the literature: some authors report higher sensitivity for carotid baroreceptors (Donald and Edis, ; Fadel et al, ), some for aortic baroreceptors (Pickering et al, ; Lau et al, ) and others do not report any significant differences (Hainsworth et al, ; James and Daly, ).…”

Section: Targets Of the Csnmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Carotid Sinus Nerve—Structure, Function, and Clinical Implications

Porzionato

Macchi

Stecco

et al. 2018

The Anatomical Record

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Interest has been renewed in the anatomy and physiology of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) and its targets (carotid sinus and carotid body, CB), due to recent proposals of surgical procedures for a series of common pathologies, such as carotid sinus syndrome, hypertension, heart failure, and insulin resistance. The CSN originates from the glossopharyngeal nerve soon after its appearance from the jugular foramen. It shows frequent communications with the sympathetic trunk (usually at the level of the superior cervical ganglion) and the vagal nerve (main trunk, pharyngeal branches, or superior laryngeal nerve). It courses on the anterior aspect of the internal carotid artery to reach the carotid sinus, CB, and/or intercarotid plexus. In the carotid sinus, type I (dynamic) carotid baroreceptors have larger myelinated A-fibers; type II (tonic) baroreceptors show smaller A- and unmyelinated C-fibers. In the CB, afferent fibers are mainly stimulated by acetylcholine and ATP, released by type I cells. The neurons are located in the petrosal ganglion, and centripetal fibers project on to the solitary tract nucleus: chemosensory inputs to the commissural subnucleus, and baroreceptor inputs to the commissural, medial, dorsomedial, and dorsolateral subnuclei. The baroreceptor component of the CSN elicits sympatho-inhibition and the chemoreceptor component stimulates sympatho-activation. Thus, in refractory hypertension and heart failure (characterized by increased sympathetic activity), baroreceptor electrical stimulation, and CB removal have been proposed. Instead, denervation of the carotid sinus has been proposed for the "carotid sinus syndrome." Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Aortic Baroreceptors Display Higher Mechanosensitivity than Carotid Baroreceptors

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Afferent Baroreflex Dysfunction: Decreased or Excessive Signaling Results in Distinct Phenotypes

Afferent Baroreflex Dysfunction: Decreased or Excessive Signaling Results in Distinct Phenotypes

The influence of barosensory vessel mechanics on the vascular sympathetic baroreflex: insights into aging and blood pressure homeostasis

The Carotid Sinus Nerve—Structure, Function, and Clinical Implications

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