Aortic Arch Morphogenesis and Flow Modeling in the Chick Embryo

Wang, Yajuan; Dur, Onur; Patrick, Michael J.; Tinney, Joseph P.; Tobita, Kimimasa; Keller, Bradley B.; Pekkan, Kerem

doi:10.1007/s10439-009-9682-5

Cited by 81 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The intrinsically digital information gained through Micro-CT can be readily applied for additional quantitative understanding of embryonic development. For instance, high detail finite element models can be created from these images to quantify mechanical and fluid dynamic aspects of embryonic development beyond what has been done recently in the embryonic heart lumen (Wang et al, 2009). An important but still challenging extension of these results is quantitative imaging of living embryos.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We and others used an injectable CT dense casting agents to visualize cardiovascular lumen development in chick embryos (Butcher et al, 2007b;Hu et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2009). More recently, we demonstrated using osmium tetroxide (OT) as a diffusive CT contrast agent that high resolution detailed visualization and segmentation of rodent embryos to newborns was possible with Micro-CT; these previous studies included early stage mouse and rabbit embryos (Johnson et al, 2006;Carney et al, 2007;Martinez et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Three‐Dimensional Analysis of Embryonic Chick Morphogenesis Via Microcomputed Tomography

Kim

Min

Recknagel

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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Embryonic development is a remarkably complex and rapidly evolving morphogenetic process. Although many of the early patterning events have been well described, understanding the anatomical changes at later stages where clinically relevant malformations are more likely to be survivable has been limited by the lack of quantitative 3D imaging tools. Microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) has emerged as a powerful tool for embryonic imaging, but a quantitative analysis of organ and tissue growth has not been conducted. In this study, we present a simple method for acquiring highly detailed, quantitative 3D datasets of embryonic chicks with Micro-CT. Embryos between 4 and 12 days (HH23 and HH40) were labeled with osmium tetroxide (OT), which revealed highly detailed soft tissue anatomy when scanned at 25 lm resolution. We demonstrate tissue boundary and inter-tissue contrast fidelity in virtual 2D sections are quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those of histological sections. We then establish mathematical relationships for the volumetric growth of heart, limb, eye, and brain during this period of development. We show that some organs exhibit constant exponential growth (eye and heart), whereas others contained multiple phases of growth (forebrain and limb). Furthermore, we show that cardiac myocardial volumetric growth differs in a time and chamber specific manner. These results demonstrate Micro-CT is a powerful technique for quantitative imaging of embryonic growth. The data presented here establish baselines from which to compare the effects of genetic or experimental perturbations. Quantifying subtle differences in morphogenesis is increasingly important as research focuses on localized and conditional effects. Anat Rec, 294:1-10, 2011. V V C 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: quantitative imaging; morphology; embryo; chick; histology quantification; microCT-based virtual histologyCongenital malformations remain a significant cause of death and disability. Although many birth defects have an underlying genetic mutation, the majority of clinical cases are not traceable to a genetic cause (McBride et al., 2005;Clark et al., 2006). Molecular biology based research over the last decade has uncovered numerous transcription factors, signaling networks, and matricellular proteins essential in controlling embryonic morphogenesis (Camenisch et al

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Three‐Dimensional Analysis of Embryonic Chick Morphogenesis Via Microcomputed Tomography

Kim

Min

Recknagel

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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“…As in the vSMC-specific β1 mutants (Turlo et al, 2012), aneurysms were present only in the brachiocephalic and carotid arteries. This could be due to these regions exhibiting the greatest shear stress (Meng et al, 2007;Huo et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2009), especially when flow is redirected to the brachiocephalic and right carotid artery when the aortic arch is interrupted. These regions of the vasculature also correlate with areas of maximum integrin β1 expression (Turlo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Development Is Regulated By α5 and αV Integrinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

α5 and αv integrins cooperate to regulate vascular smooth muscle and neural crest functions in vivo

et al. 2015

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The RGD-binding α5 and αv integrins have been shown to be key regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) function in vitro. However, their role on vSMCs during vascular development in vivo remains unclear. To address this issue, we have generated mice that lack α5, αv or both α5 and αv integrins on their vSMCs, using the SM22α-Cre transgenic mouse line. To our surprise, neither α5 nor αv mutants displayed any obvious vascular defects during embryonic development. By contrast, mice lacking both α5 and αv integrins developed interrupted aortic arches, large brachiocephalic/ carotid artery aneurysms and cardiac septation defects, but developed extensive and apparently normal vasculature in the skin. Cardiovascular defects were also found, along with cleft palates and ectopically located thymi, in Wnt1-Cre α5/αv mutants, suggesting that α5 and αv cooperate on neural crest-derived cells to control the remodelling of the pharyngeal arches and the septation of the heart and outflow tract. Analysis of cultured α5/αv-deficient vSMCs suggests that this is achieved, at least in part, through proper assembly of RGD-containing extracellular matrix proteins and the correct incorporation and activation of latent TGF-β.

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“…Between stages 18 and 24, the cranial arch pair II gradually disappears and the more caudal arch pair VI emerges (Hiruma and Hirakow 1995;Wang et al 2009). Additionally, between these stages, cardiac looping progresses and the outflow tract moves from a more rightward to a central position (Manner 2000).…”

Section: Fluorescent Dye Micro-injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational hemodynamic optimization predicts dominant aortic arch selection is driven by embryonic outflow tract orientation in the chick embryo

Kowalski

Teslovich

Dur

et al. 2012

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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In the early embryo, a series of symmetric, paired vessels, the aortic arches, surround the foregut and distribute cardiac output to the growing embryo and fetus. During embryonic development the arch vessels undergo large-scale asymmetric morphogenesis to form species-specific adult great vessel patterns. These transformations occur within a dynamic biomechanical environment, which can play an important role in the development of normal arch configurations or the aberrant arch morphologies associated with congenital cardiac defects. Arrested migration and rotation of the embryonic outflow tract during late stages of cardiac looping has been shown to produce both outflow tract and several arch abnormalities. Here we investigate how changes in flow distribution

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Aortic Arch Morphogenesis and Flow Modeling in the Chick Embryo

Cited by 81 publications

References 50 publications

Quantitative Three‐Dimensional Analysis of Embryonic Chick Morphogenesis Via Microcomputed Tomography

Quantitative Three‐Dimensional Analysis of Embryonic Chick Morphogenesis Via Microcomputed Tomography

α5 and αv integrins cooperate to regulate vascular smooth muscle and neural crest functions in vivo

Computational hemodynamic optimization predicts dominant aortic arch selection is driven by embryonic outflow tract orientation in the chick embryo

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