Aortic aneurysm associated with cardiac defects in theophylline stimulated chick embryos

Ishikawa, Shizen; Gilbert, Enid F.; Bruyere, Harold J.; Cheung, Matthias O.

doi:10.1002/tera.1420180106

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A broad spectrum of congenital cardiac anomalies in chick embryos has been demonstrated in previous reports [Ishikawa et al, 1978a;Gessner, 1966Gessner, , 1970Stephan, 1952;Harh, 19731. Such experiments have been performed to induce developmental Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Spectrum of double outlet right ventricle induced by electrical shock at the conotruncus of the embryonic chick heart: Emphasis on cellular changes and evaluation of hemodynamics using Doppler

et al. 1987

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Administration of electrical shock to the conotruncal area of embryonic chicks at developmental stage 24-27 induced a complex malformation, namely, double outlet right ventricle (DORV) of varying degrees of severity.The device used to apply electrical current to the heart was constructed using a 9-volt battery, a push-button switch, and a 100-ohm potentiometer with calibrated dial. This allowed a short pulse of known voltage to be applied through the electrodes to a selected area of the heart. Two different methods were chosen to administer electrical shock at the conotruncal area of the heart. One method utilized longitudinal application of electrical shock, and the other used horizontal application of electrical shock directly to the conotruncus.Three distinct types of DORV were found in the longitudinal (L) and the horizontal (H) electrical shock groups: 1) DORV without a ventricular septa1 defect (VSD), in which the dilated sinus of Valsalva of the aortic valve extends into the right ventricle. 2) DORV with a subaortic VSD, with variable degrees of pulmonary stenosis Longitudinal stimulation produced a higher incidence of cardiovascular anomalies than horizontal stimulation (p = 0.01). Histological examination showed complete disappearance of myocardial fibers, myocardial degeneration, and the aggregation of protein material or glycogen within myocardial cells.Our Doppler findings demonstrate that relative to control embryos, peak velocity initially increased 3 minutes after electrical stimulation (p < 0.01), and subsequently decreased significantly within 30 minutes (p < 0.01). One may hypothesize that the marked initial increase of peak velocity was induced by tissue damage, which led to a narrowing of the conotruncal outflow tract. Evidence for contruncal narrowing was also reflected in percent window data (% W), which indicates the level of turbulence within a vessel. However, the decrease of peak velocity 30 minutes after stimulation might be caused by myocardial damage resulting in a diminished cardiac output. The relationship between cell death processes in the conotruncal area and DORV spectrum induced by electrical shock is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Spectrum of double outlet right ventricle induced by electrical shock at the conotruncus of the embryonic chick heart: Emphasis on cellular changes and evaluation of hemodynamics using Doppler

et al. 1987

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“…Gilbert et al [1977] and Ishikawa et al [1978] reported that stage 26 chick embryos treated with caffeine or theophylline developed aneurysms of the ascending aorta. We speculate that the aortic aneurysm forms as a result of an increase in blood vessel wall stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Caffeine on Cardiovascular Function in the Stage 24 Chick Embryo

Hawkins

Clark

1984

Dev Pharmacol Ther

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Caffeine is consumed by an estimated 95% of pregnant women. Yet, it is not known if caffeine alters embryonic cardiovascular function. We measured the effect of caffeine on mean and phasic dorsal aortic blood flow and mean vitelline artery pressure with a 20-MHz pulse Doppler velocity meter and a servo-null pressure system, respectively. We calculated vascular resistance, stroke volume index, and heart rate. We injected 5-μl aliquots of anhydrous caffeine dissolved in chick Ringer’s lactate into a vitelline vein in doses from 1.2 x 10^-5 mg (0.15 mg/kg) to 1.2 x 10^-2 mg (150 mg/kg). Control embryos received 5 μl chick Ringer’s lactate. The hemodynamic measurements were continuously recorded from 1 min prior through 5 min after injection. 9 stage 24 chick embryos were studied at each dose. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s HSD test. Caffeine had no effect on heart rate, but a direct dose-related effect on mean dorsal aortic blood flow, stroke volume index, mean pressure, and vascular resistance. The effect of caffeine on stroke volume index at 5 min was a linear log-dose relationship [y = 0.155 + 0.02 In (dose), p < 0.001]. In the chick, caffeine acutely affects cardiovascular function by increasing myocardial contractility and dilating resistance vessels. We speculate this action is mediated through direct cellular effects: increase in free Ca^++ and cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

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“…43 Theophylline also produces aortic aneurysms in chicks if they are exposed to this agent in utero. [45][46][47] The mechanism of action appears to be through the effect of theophylline on cyclic adenosine 3Ј,5Ј-monophosphate (AMP). Intracellular theophylline increases AMP and is associated with inhibition of cellular mitoses, [48][49] so that theophylline leads to arrested development of the arterial wall.…”

Section: Experimental Alterations Of Metabolism: Bapn Theophylline mentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Aneurysms

Dobrin

1999

Annals of Vascular Surgery

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Aortic aneurysm associated with cardiac defects in theophylline stimulated chick embryos

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Spectrum of double outlet right ventricle induced by electrical shock at the conotruncus of the embryonic chick heart: Emphasis on cellular changes and evaluation of hemodynamics using Doppler

Spectrum of double outlet right ventricle induced by electrical shock at the conotruncus of the embryonic chick heart: Emphasis on cellular changes and evaluation of hemodynamics using Doppler

Effect of Caffeine on Cardiovascular Function in the Stage 24 Chick Embryo

Animal Models of Aneurysms

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