“…In parallel, the complications of long-or short-term filtration have become increasingly evident to physicians, regulatory agencies, and the public [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Among these complications are caval thrombosis, extension of lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) [13], caval or adjacent vessel perforation (e.g., aorta, lumbar artery, renal artery, common iliac artery) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], penetration of adjacent viscera (e.g., duodenum, liver parenchyma, pancreatitis) [17,[24][25][26][27], embedding within adjacent bony structures [15,28,29], whole or partial migration, device fracture, and embolization [15,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Lethal complications have occurred [32,42].…”