Anxious attachment as an antecedent of people's aversion towards pattern deviancy

Gollwitzer, Anton; Clark, Margaret S.

doi:10.1002/ejsp.2565

Cited by 12 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The two other pattern deviancy aversion measures were nonvisual measures validated by Gollwitzer et al (2017; Gollwitzer, Martel, & Bargh, 2019; Gollwitzer, Martel, Bargh, & Chang, 2019). The first assessed participants’ attitudes toward explicit pattern deviancy aversion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time 1: Novelty aversion. We assessed participants' dislike of novelty via a face-valid three-item measure (see Gollwitzer & Clark, 2018). Participants read: "People feel differently about things that are new, novel, and original.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, past research has only found weak-to-moderate correlations between pattern deviancy aversion and variables associated with disliking ambiguity and uncertainty (e.g., intolerance for ambiguity, need for closure). Moreover, pattern deviancy aversion is linked to social phenomena independent of such variables (Gollwitzer et al, 2017, Gollwitzer, Martel, & Bargh, 2019; Gollwitzer, Martel, Bargh, & Chang, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pattern deviancy aversion predicts prejudice via a dislike of statistical minorities.

Gollwitzer¹,

Marshall²,

Bargh³

2020

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Research has documented an overlap between people’s aversion toward nonsocial pattern deviancy (e.g., a row of triangles with 1 triangle out of line) and their social prejudice. It is unknown which processes underlie this association, however, and whether this link is causal. We propose that pattern deviancy aversion may contribute to prejudice by heightening people’s dislike of statistical minorities. Infrequent people in a population are pattern deviant in that they disrupt the statistical regularities of how people tend to look, think, and act in society, and this deviancy should incite others’ prejudice. Nine studies (N = 1,821) supported this mediation. In Studies 1.1 and 1.2, adults’ and young children’s nonsocial pattern deviancy aversion related to disliking novel statistical minorities, and this dislike predicted prejudice against Black people. Studies 1.3 and 1.4 observed this mediation when experimentally manipulating pattern deviancy aversion, although pattern deviancy aversion did not directly impact racial prejudice. Study-set 2 replicated the proposed mediation in terms of prejudice against other commonly stigmatized individuals (e.g., someone with a physical disability). Importantly, we also found pattern deviancy aversion to affect such prejudice. Study-set 3 provided additional support for the mediation model. Pattern deviancy aversion predicted prejudice dependent on group-size, for instance, greater racial prejudice in cases where Black people are the statistical minority, but decreased racial prejudice when Black people are the statistical majority. Taken together, these findings indicate that people’s aversion toward pattern deviancy motivates prejudice, and that this influence is partially driven by a dislike of statistical minorities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pattern deviancy aversion predicts prejudice via a dislike of statistical minorities.

Gollwitzer¹,

Marshall²,

Bargh³

2020

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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“…This means that turning to market relationships under external threat might be especially pronounced among people with a highly insecure attachment style, and this may happen even in situations for which a communal norm is more suited. Moreover, Gollwitzer and Clark (2019) have recently documented in a series of studies that anxious attachment is linked to an aversion toward pattern deviancy-the distortion of repeated forms or models-and proposed that feelings of losing control are involved in this effect. These results further imply that people with an insecure attachment style might be especially motivated to prefer exchange relationships whose structure is usually more formally accented and thus easier to find.…”

Section: Market Relationships and Compensatory Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trading in search of structure: Market relationships as a compensatory control tool.

Gąsiorowska

Zaleśkiewicz

2021

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Rooting our model in the compensatory control theory, we propose that one reason behind the prevalence of market relationships in modern society is that the fundamental need for orderliness makes them psychologically appealing because of the structure they provide. The initial study confirmed that market relationships are perceived as more structured than communal relationships. In 13 experiments (including 2 preregistered ones), we examined the causal relationship between personal control and preferences for market relationships. First, participants with a threatened sense of control preferred market over communal relationships and interpreted ambiguous social interactions as market-related. Second, the salience of market relationships triggered a sense of control and evoked internal explanations of various events. Finally, priming market relationships reduced the search for other compensatory control tools in the face of external threats. We also demonstrated that market relationships are appealing because of their structure, as perceiving ambiguous situations as market-related after threatening control was moderated by Personal Need for Structure, and the relation between market relationships and the sense of control was mediated by perceived structure. Finally, we tested boundary conditions of the above effects and provided evidence that people facing control threat tend to prefer market-oriented rules in relations with strangers rather than with those close to them, and that the relation between market relationships and sense of control is absent among securely attached individuals. We discuss why market relationships compensate for lack of control and refer to other disciplines to explain this phenomenon.

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“…Thus, preference for contour in melodies and visual designs seems to reflect a lesser or greater degree of susceptibility to the affective responses to arousing, unusual, unpredictable, and potentially harmful visual or auditory stimuli. Further research is needed to ascertain whether this susceptibility is a specific expression of a broader suit of traits, such as affective reactivity, general anxiety, or aversion to broken patterns, known to influence different kinds of evaluative judgments (Gollwitzer & Clark, 2019;Landy & Piazza, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluative Judgment Across Domains

Clemente¹,

Mt²,

Skov³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Evaluative judgment—i.e., assessing to what degree a stimulus is liked or disliked—is a fundamental aspect of cognition, facilitating comparison and choosing among alternatives, deciding, and prioritizing actions. Neuroimaging studies have shown that evaluative judgment involves the projection of sensory information to the reward circuit. To investigate whether evaluative judgments are based on modality-specific or modality-general attributes, we compared the extent to which balance, contour, symmetry, and complexity affect liking responses in the auditory and visual modalities. We found no significant correlation for any of the four attributes across sensory modalities, except for contour. This suggests that evaluative judgments primarily rely on modality-specific sensory representations elaborated in the brain’s sensory cortices and relayed to the reward circuit, rather than abstract modality-general representations. The individual traits art experience, openness to experience, and desire for aesthetics were associated with the extent to which design or compositional attributes influenced liking, but inconsistently across sensory modalities and attributes, also suggesting modality-specific influences.

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Anxious attachment as an antecedent of people's aversion towards pattern deviancy

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Pattern deviancy aversion predicts prejudice via a dislike of statistical minorities.

Pattern deviancy aversion predicts prejudice via a dislike of statistical minorities.

Trading in search of structure: Market relationships as a compensatory control tool.

Evaluative Judgment Across Domains

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