Anxious and Overwhelming Affects and Repetitive Negative Thinking as Ecological Predictors of Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors

Hughes, Christopher D.; King, Alexandra M.; Kranzler, Amy; Fehling, Kara B.; Miller, Alec L.; Lindqvist, Janne; Selby, Edward A.

doi:10.1007/s10608-019-09996-9

Cited by 53 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Results also underscore the need to consider NSSI‐related differences in both positive and negative emotional experiences, as well as the need to disentangle which aspects of dispositional and state emotional experience are unique to NSSI and which are shared with mental illness more generally. While recent years have seen a growth in the number of EMA studies (e.g., Bresin, ; Hughes et al, ; Santangelo et al, ), which allow assessment of the relationship between emotion and NSSI in shorter time frames, future work in this area, explicitly disentangling associations between both negative and positive emotional reactivity, intensity, and perseveration and NSSI, may be particularly useful in furthering our understanding of the role of emotional experience in self‐injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a clinical perspective, interventions that address slow emotional recovery from negative experiences may be helpful in the context of NSSI. Additionally, although speculative, consistent with theoretical accounts of NSSI (e.g., Emotional Cascade Model; Selby & Joiner, 2009), repeated persistent negative emotional states, generated by internal or external stimuli, could accumulate over time to result in a more intense subjective experience that is perceived as overwhelming (Hughes et al, 2019;Slabbert, Hasking, & Boyes, 2018). Although each individual experience may not be overly intense, the accumulation of negative emotions over time, and the slower return to a non-negative emotional state, may increase the likelihood of using NSSI to alleviate intense or unwanted negative emotion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury‐Related Differences in the Experience of Negative and Positive Emotion

Boyes

Wilmot

Hasking

2019

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Objective Emotional experience is argued to contribute to the initiation and maintenance of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). We investigated whether individuals with/without a history of NSSI differed in their dispositional experience of negative and positive emotion, as well as their state responses to negatively and positively valenced movie clips. Method Undergraduates (n = 214, Mage = 21.33, 73.8% female, 35.5% reporting NSSI) completed measures of NSSI and dispositional emotional experience. Participants also viewed a sad and amusing movie clip and provided sadness/amusement ratings at seven time‐points. Results Relative to participants with no history of self‐injury, participants reporting NSSI indicated more reactivity, intensity, and perseveration of dispositional negative emotion; however, differences were negated after adjusting for mental illness. Unexpectedly, individuals with a history of NSSI responded less intensely to the sad clip, although they demonstrated perseveration of sadness over time. Participants reporting NSSI also indicated less reactivity, intensity, and perseveration of dispositional positive emotion and, in response to the amusing film, reported less amusement at all time‐points. Conclusions Considering different dimensions of negative and positive emotion may enhance understanding of NSSI. Future research should disentangle which dimensions of emotional experience are unique to NSSI and which are shared with mental illness more generally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury‐Related Differences in the Experience of Negative and Positive Emotion

Boyes

Wilmot

Hasking

2019

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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“…EMA has also clarified the role of daily NA and repetitive negative thinking in predicting NSSI thoughts and behaviors. A community sample of 47 adolescents and young adults (ages 15–21) monitored affective and cognitive states related to risk for NSSI thoughts/behaviors by using an EMA app on a smartphone for 2 weeks (Hughes et al, ). Participants were more likely to experience NSSI when reporting higher levels of distress, but only within the context of experiencing high repetitive negative thinking.…”

Section: Review Of Ema Studies Of Child and Adolescent Mental And Behmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Research Review: Ecological momentary assessment studies in child psychology and psychiatry

Russell

Gajos

2020

Child Psychology Psychiatry

140

106

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Background Enhancements in mobile phone technology allow the study of children and adolescents' everyday lives like never before. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) uses these advancements to allow in‐depth measurements of links between context, behavior, and physiology in youths' everyday lives. Findings A large and diverse literature now exists on using EMA to study mental and behavioral health among youth. Modern EMA methods are built on a rich tradition of idiographic inquiry focused on the intensive study of individuals. Studies of child and adolescent mental and behavioral health have used EMA to characterize lived experience, document naturalistic within‐person processes and individual differences in these processes, measure familiar constructs in novel ways, and examine temporal order and dynamics in youths' everyday lives. Conclusions Ecological momentary assessment is feasible and reliable for studying the daily lives of youth. EMA can inform the development and augmentation of traditional and momentary intervention. Continued research and technological development in mobile intervention design and implementation, EMA‐sensor integration, and complex real‐time data analysis are needed to realize the potential of just‐in‐time adaptive intervention, which may allow researchers to reach high‐risk youth with intervention content when and where it is needed most.

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“…Unfortunately, fewer studies have focused on the role of affect in determining short-term risk for NSSI at the within-person level [for an overview see (35)]. One consistent finding across studies is that negative affect increases prior to NSSI (36)(37)(38), and predicts a higher probability of NSSI in the next hours (39)(40)(41)(42). For instance, using ecological momentary assessment, Kranzler and colleagues observed that a momentary increase in negative affect positively predicted NSSI in the following 2-3 hours for adolescents and young adults (40).…”

Section: Affective Disturbances and Nssimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a similar vein, it may be equally important to differentiate between the process of developing NSSI thoughts and engaging in NSSI behavior. NSSI thoughts are an important near-term precursor of NSSI behavior (41,42), and a growing body of evidence suggests that momentary increased negative affect and lowered positive affect are salient factors in predicting NSSI thoughts (40,41,48). As such, similar to the observation that affective disturbances are robust predictors of suicide ideation but not attempt (47,(49)(50)(51), the possibility exists that affective fluctuations are relevant in predicting short-term change in NSSI thoughts but are not uniquely predictive of making the transition from NSSI thoughts to behavior.…”

Section: Affective Disturbances Predictive Of Nssi Thoughts or Nssi Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuations in Affective States and Self-Efficacy to Resist Non-Suicidal Self-Injury as Real-Time Predictors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Although research over the past decade has resulted in significantly increased knowledge about distal risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), little is known about short-term (proximal) factors that predict NSSI thoughts and behaviors. Drawing on contemporaneous theories of NSSI, as well as the concept of ideation-to-action, the present study clarifies (a) real-time factors that predict NSSI thoughts and (b) the extent to which theoretically important momentary factors (i.e., negative affect, positive affect, and selfefficacy to resist NSSI) predict NSSI behavior in daily life, beyond NSSI thoughts.Methods: Using experience sampling methodology, intensive longitudinal data was obtained from 30 young adults with frequent NSSI episodes in the last year. Participants completed assessments up to eight times per day for 12 consecutive days (signal-contingent sampling). This resulted in the collection of 2,222 assessments (median compliance = 79.2%) during which 591 NSSI thoughts and 270 NSSI behaviors were recorded. Using the dynamic structural equation modeling framework, multilevel vector autoregressive models were constructed.Results: Within the same assessment, negative affect was positively associated with NSSI thoughts, whereas positive affect and self-efficacy to resist NSSI were each negatively associated with NSSI thoughts. Across assessments, higher-than-usual negative affect and self-efficacy to resist NSSI were predictive of short-term change in NSSI thoughts. While fluctuations in both negative affect and positive affect prospectively predicted NSSI behavior, these factors became non-significant in models that controlled for the predictive effect of NSSI thoughts. In contrast, self-efficacy to resist NSSI incrementally predicted a lower probability of engaging in NSSI, above and beyond NSSI thoughts.Discussion: This study provides preliminary evidence that affective fluctuations may uniquely predict NSSI thoughts but not NSSI behaviors, and point to the role of personal belief in the ability to resist NSSI in preventing NSSI behavior. These findings illustrate the need to differentiate between the development of NSSI thoughts and the progression from NSSI thoughts to behavior, as these are likely distinct processes, with different predictors.

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Anxious and Overwhelming Affects and Repetitive Negative Thinking as Ecological Predictors of Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors

Cited by 53 publications

References 42 publications

Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury‐Related Differences in the Experience of Negative and Positive Emotion

Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury‐Related Differences in the Experience of Negative and Positive Emotion

Annual Research Review: Ecological momentary assessment studies in child psychology and psychiatry

Fluctuations in Affective States and Self-Efficacy to Resist Non-Suicidal Self-Injury as Real-Time Predictors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors

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