Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), mGluR2 and mGluR3, play a number of important roles in mammalian brain and represent exciting new targets for certain central nervous system disorders. We now report synthesis and characterization of a novel family of derivatives of dihydrobenzo[1,4]diazepin-2-one that are selective negative allosteric modulators for group II mGluRs. These compounds inhibit both mGluR2 and mGluR3 but have no activity at group I and III mGluRs. The novel mGluR2/3 antagonists also potently block mGluR2/3-mediated inhibition of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials at the perforant path synapse in hippocampal slices. These compounds induce a rightward shift and decrease the maximal response in the glutamate concentrationresponse relationship, consistent with a noncompetitive antagonist mechanism of action. Furthermore, radioligand binding studies revealed no effect on binding of the orthosteric antag-Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that a single point mutation in transmembrane V (N735D), previously shown to be an important residue for potentiation activity of the mGluR2 allosteric potentiator LY487379 [N-(4-(2-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl)pyrid-3-ylmethylamine], is not critical for the inhibitory activity of negative allosteric modulators of group II mGluRs. However, this single mutation in human GluR2 almost completely blocked the enhancing activity of biphenyl-indanone A, a novel allosteric potentiator of mGluR2. Our data suggest that these two positive allosteric modulators of mGluR2 may share a common binding site and that this site may be distinct from the binding site for the new negative allosteric modulators of group II mGluRs.The eight known subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been classified based on sequence homology, pharmacology, and signal transduction. These include group I (mGluR1 and 5), group II (mGluR2 and 3), and group III receptors (mGluR4, 6, 7, and 8). The group I receptors couple to G ␣q and phospholipase C, whereas group II and group III mGluRs couple to G ␣i (Conn and Pin, 1997;Schoepp et al., 1999). A large body of in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies suggest that specific mGluR subtypes play a broad range of neuromodulatory roles in different central nervous system circuits and that specific subtypes may provide viable targets for novel treatment strategies for a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety (Linden