Anxiolytic effects of smoking associated with four stressors

Jarvik, Murray E.; Caskey, Nicholas H.; Rose, Jed E.; Herskovic, Joseph E.; Sadeghpour, Mojdeh

doi:10.1016/0306-4603(89)90025-7

Cited by 72 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…43-47], Moreover, several studies have reported that smoking reduces anxiety [10,28,35,48.50], However, other studies have reported no effect of smok ing on anxiety [38,39,41,[51][52][53], Even within the same study, mixed results have been obtained [44,54], A possible explanation of negative anxiety results was proposed by Cutler and Barrios [51], who hypothesized that, if task difficulty is great enough, then any effects of smoking on anxiety are overshadowed by the reduction in anxiety that follows completion of the task. Such an expla nation may account for some of the negative findings, but cannot serve as a complete explanation.…”

Section: Effects O F Smoking On Anxietycontrasting

confidence: 48%

“…Such an expla nation may account for some of the negative findings, but cannot serve as a complete explanation. For example Jar-vik et al [44] reported negative findings regarding smok ing and pretask anxiety for two of four tasks employed. Gilbert [55] has recently proposed that the effects of smoking on anxiety are strongest in situations in which anxiety-inducing stimuli are 'ambiguous and distal' [p. 119], for example, complex social situations that re quire active coping [37]).…”

Section: Effects O F Smoking On Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Psychophysiological and Subjective Effects of Cigarettes Having Varying Nicotine Yields But Relatively Constant Tar’ Yields

Pritchard

Robinson²,

Guy³

et al. 1996

Neuropsychobiology

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Thirty-two subjects were tested in five double-blind sessions – 16 subjects in the morning (a.m.) following overnight smoking abstention, and 16 in the afternoon (p.m.) following ad lib smoking. In each session, subjects smoked 1 of 5 cigarettes having the following FTC nicotine/’tar’ yields in mg: 0.08/8.5, 0.17/9.1, 0.37/9.8, 0.48/9.8, and 0.74/10.4. On a pre- to postsmoking basis, blood nicotine and heart rate increased with nicotine yield. The effect of nicotine yield on changes in self-rated anxiety was an inverted-U function, but this effect was possibly confounded by baseline differences. The following effects on EEG spectral-band magnitude were also obtained: (1) nicotine yields > 0.17 mg decreased delta; (2) nicotine yields of 0.37 and 0.48 mg decreased theta in a.m. subjects; (3) nicotine yields > 0.37 mg decreased alpha, the effect being greater in a.m. subjects; (4) no effect of yield on betal was obtained; (5) nicotine yields of 0.48 and 0.74 mg increased the Cz-minus-T5 differential in beta2. Pre- to postsmoking changes in this measure of beta2 were not correlated with either blood nicotine or anxiety.

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Section: Effects O F Smoking On Anxietycontrasting

confidence: 48%

Section: Effects O F Smoking On Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological and Subjective Effects of Cigarettes Having Varying Nicotine Yields But Relatively Constant Tar’ Yields

Pritchard

Robinson²,

Guy³

et al. 1996

Neuropsychobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the absence of a more adaptive strategy for affect regulation, individuals with PTSD may smoke to temporarily ameliorate anxiety. Particularly when considering evidence that nicotine ameliorates state-anxiety (e.g., Jarvik, Caskey, Rose, Herskovic, & Sadeghpour, 1989), individuals with PTSD may be motivated to smoke to escape from anxious mood states characteristic of PTSD.…”

Section: Coping Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic stress disorder and smoking relapse: A theoretical model

Cook

McFall

Calhoun

et al. 2007

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with a high prevalence of cigarette smoking, heavy cigarette consumption, and low cessation rates. To date, little is known about mechanisms impeding smoking cessation among this recalcitrant group of smokers. An important first step in improving smoking cessation treatment efficacy is the assessment of knowledge about mechanisms pertinent to relapse. This theoretical study addresses the gap in the literature regarding factors potentially influencing smoking relapse among individuals with PTSD. Mechanisms reviewed that may be particularly relevant to smoking relapse among PTSD smokers include negative affect, positive affect, attention, anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance, and self-efficacy. Treatment implications as well as methodological advances that may be relevant to examining the proposed relapse model are discussed.

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“…A common belief is that smoking reduces aversive effects of stress, particularly negative affect (Kassel, Stroud, & Paronis, 2003), but there is relatively little behavioral evidence of this (Jarvik, Caskey, Rose, Herskovic, & Sadeghpour, 1989;Perkins,cardiovascular problems, night-shift work, pregnancy, lactation, or hormonal contraceptive use (Kirschbaum, Kudielka, Gaab, Schommer, & Hellhammer, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%