Anxiogenic effects during withdrawal from acute ethanol in adolescent and adult rats

Doremus, Tamara L.; Brunell, Steven C.; Varlinskaya, Elena I.; Spear, Linda P.

doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00134-5

Cited by 179 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As for ethanol, it is well established that its withdrawal causes anxiogenic responses (File et al, 1993;Kliethermes, 2005). However, despite the fact that adolescents may be hyposensitive to the anxiogenic manifestations of withdrawal, this finding was not described as sex dependent (Doremus et al, 2003;Varlinskaya and Spear, 2004), which is in contrast with the fact that our results show that anxiety levels were only noticeably increased in females. In view of sex differences described above, our results suggest that adolescent female mice are more susceptible to nicotine and ethanol-induced alterations in anxiety levels.…”

Section: Anxiogenic Effects During Withdrawalcontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…Recent studies have demonstrated that the effects of ethanol are dependent on the age of exposure, so that ethanol exposure differentially affects adolescents and adults. Adolescent rodents may be hyposensitive to ethanol effects that may serve as cues to modulate intake, such as anxiolysis during exposure and anxiogenic manifestations of withdrawal (Doremus et al, 2003;Spear and Varlinskaya, 2005;Varlinskaya and Spear, 2004), however, effects of ethanol on anxiety-related behaviors are still controversial. Particularly, in contrast to these previous findings, recent studies have shown that ethanol elicits a more prominent anxiogenic response after adolescent exposure (Popovic et al, 2004;Slawecki et al, 2004;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined Exposure to Nicotine and Ethanol in Adolescent Mice Differentially Affects Anxiety Levels during Exposure, Short-Term, and Long-Term Withdrawal

Abreu‐Villaça

Nunes

Queiroz-Gomes

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Smoking and consumption of alcoholic beverages are frequently associated during adolescence. This association could be explained by the cumulative behavioral effects of nicotine and ethanol, particularly those related to anxiety levels. However, despite epidemiological findings, there have been few animal studies of the basic neurobiology of the combined exposure in the adolescent brain. In the present work we assessed, through the use of the elevated plus maze, the short-and long-term anxiety effects of nicotine (NIC) and/or ethanol (ETOH) exposure during adolescence (from the 30th to the 45th postnatal day) in four groups of male and female C57BL/6 mice: (1) Concomitant NIC (nicotine free-base solution (50 mg/ml) in 2% saccharin to drink) and ETOH (ethanol solution (25%, 2 g/kg) i.p. injected every other day) exposure; (2) NIC exposure; (3) ETOH exposure; (4) Vehicle. C57BL/6 mice were selected, in spite of the fact that they present slower ethanol metabolism, because they readily consume nicotine in the concentration used in the present study. During exposure (45th postnatal day: PN45), our results indicated that ethanol was anxiolytic in adolescent mice and that nicotine reverted this effect. Short-term drug withdrawal (PN50) elicited sex-dependent effects: exposure to nicotine and/or ethanol was anxiogenic only for females. Although neither nicotine nor ethanol effects persisted up to 1 month postexposure (PN75), the coadministration elicited an anxiogenic response. In spite of the fact that generalizations based on the results from a single strain of mice are prone to shortcomings, our results suggest that the deficient response to the anxiolytic effects of ethanol in adolescents co-exposed to nicotine may drive higher ethanol consumption. Additionally, increased anxiety during long-term smoking and drinking withdrawal may facilitate relapse to drug use.

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Section: Anxiogenic Effects During Withdrawalcontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Exposure to Nicotine and Ethanol in Adolescent Mice Differentially Affects Anxiety Levels during Exposure, Short-Term, and Long-Term Withdrawal

Abreu‐Villaça

Nunes

Queiroz-Gomes

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Exploration of the aversive, open arms of the elevated plus-maze was similar in adolescents and adults; while exploration of the aversive center of the novel open field was lower in peri-but not early adolescents than adults. These data concur with the finding that 4-week old Swiss Webster mice were no different from 8-week olds on the elevated plus-maze at baseline [48] (see also [21]), but not with another report that 7-week, but not 5-week old CD-1 mice showed lesser anxiety-like behavior in this test than adults [34], or with data variously reporting either relatively increased or decreased anxiety-like behavior in adolescents rats in both the elevated plus-maze, light/dark exploration test and the social interaction test [9,13,15,18,25,41,43,51]. Such differences may be due to methodological differences between studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…For example, adolescent rats have been found to exhibit either lesser, greater or normal levels of anxiety-like behavior in various behavioral assays as compared to adults [9,13,15,18,25,41,43,51]. In addition, a number of studies have shown that conditioned fear responses to footshock in rats emerges in the early adolescent period (reviewed in [6,23,24,47]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of fear-, anxiety- and depression-related behavior across adolescence in C57BL/6J mice

Hefner¹,

Holmes²

2007

Behavioural Brain Research

167

123

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Adolescence is characterized by behavioral traits such as emotional lability and impulsivity that are associated with increased vulnerability to affective illness and addictions. Research in rodents has found that adolescent rats and mice differ from adults on measures of anxiety-like behavior, noveltyseeking and stress-responsivity. The present study sought to extend these data by evaluating fear-, anxiety-and depression-related behaviors in male C57BL/6J mice aged four (early adolescent), six (peri-adolescent) or eight (early adult) weeks of age. Age-groups were compared on: Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction, anxiety-like behavior and exploratory locomotion (using elevated plusmaze and novel open field), and depression-related behavior (via forced swim test). Results showed that early adolescent mice exhibited enhanced fear conditioning, but extinguished at a similar rate as adults. There were no major differences in anxiety-like behavior across age-groups, although early adolescent and peri-adolescent mice exhibited less exploratory locomotion than adults. Depressionrelated immobility behavior in the forced swim test was lower in early adolescents than adult mice across three test exposures. Present findings in the C57BL/6J inbred strain add to growing evidence of changes in rodent fear-and stress-related behaviors across the developmental transition from juvenility through adulthood. Understanding the neural basis of these ontogenic changes could provide insight into factors could provide insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of affective disorders that have their origins in adolescence.

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“…One of the potential contributors to heavy drinking during adolescence may be an age-related insensitivity to various adverse effects of ethanol that serve as cues to terminate drinking. For instance, relative to their adult counterparts, adolescent rats are less sensitive to ethanol-induced motor impairment [13,28,47], sedation [21,23,27], and "hangover"-associated anxiety [8,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic tolerance to the social consequences of ethanol in adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats

Varlinskaya

Spear

2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Anxiogenic effects during withdrawal from acute ethanol in adolescent and adult rats

Cited by 179 publications

References 39 publications

Combined Exposure to Nicotine and Ethanol in Adolescent Mice Differentially Affects Anxiety Levels during Exposure, Short-Term, and Long-Term Withdrawal

Combined Exposure to Nicotine and Ethanol in Adolescent Mice Differentially Affects Anxiety Levels during Exposure, Short-Term, and Long-Term Withdrawal

Ontogeny of fear-, anxiety- and depression-related behavior across adolescence in C57BL/6J mice

Chronic tolerance to the social consequences of ethanol in adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats

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