Anxiety symptoms and functional impairment: A systematic review of the correlation between the two measures

McKnight, Patrick E.; Monfort, Samuel S.; Kashdan, Todd B.; Blalock, Dan V.; Calton, Jenna M.

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.10.005

Cited by 96 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…In our study, we found no differences in social functioning between SP, MDD, and dysthymia, although overall the effect sizes in MDD were larger than those of anxiety disorders. Remarkably, McKnight et al 10 described in their review a significantly lower correlation between social functioning impairment and SP, compared to the other anxiety disorders. This contrasts the findings reported here, as well as those documented previously 5, 9, 20, 44, which indicate that SP involves more severe impairments on all social functioning indicators, as compared to other anxiety disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…With regard to comparing social functioning between different anxiety disorders, findings are not unequivocal. McKnight et al 10 showed that anxiety disorders such as agoraphobia and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) have a stronger association with social isolation than social phobia (SP). This is in contrast to findings that GAD, SP, and panic disorder (PD) did not differ in the amount of social impairment 11 or to the finding that PD was most impaired in social functioning in comparison to other anxiety disorders 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social functioning in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders

Saris

Aghajani

Werff

et al. 2017

Acta Psychiatr Scand

136

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ObjectiveAdaptive social functioning is severely impeded in depressive and anxiety disorders, even after remission. However, a comprehensive overview is still lacking.MethodUsing data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), behavioural (network size, social activities, social support) and affective (loneliness, affiliation, perceived social disability) indicators of social functioning were analyzed in patients with anxiety (N = 540), depressive (N = 393), comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders (‘comorbid’, N = 748), remitted participants (N = 621), and healthy control subjects (N = 650).ResultsAnalyses revealed an increasing trend of social dysfunction among patient groups, in patients with comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders, showing the most severe impairments, followed by depressed and anxious patients (P's < 0.001 for all social functioning indicators). Affective indicators showed the largest effect sizes (Cohen's d range from 0.13 to 1.76). We also found impairments in social functioning among remitted patients. Furthermore, perceived social disability among patients was predictive of still having a depressive and/or anxiety diagnosis 2 years later (P < 0.01).ConclusionsBehavioural but especially affective indicators of social functioning are impaired in patients with anxiety or depressive disorders and most in patients with comorbid disorders. After remission of affective psychopathology, residual impairments tend to remain, while social dysfunction in patients seems predictive of future psychopathology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social functioning in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders

Saris

Aghajani

Werff

et al. 2017

Acta Psychiatr Scand

136

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“…Such mental health-based support services appear likely to improve distress, QoL, disability, and functioning with significant economic benefit. Past studies have shown a strong association between depression and anxiety with functional impairments (Backenstrass et al, 2006;Buist-Bouwman et al, 2006;Daniels & Berry, 1989;McKnight, Monfort, Kashdan, Blalock, & Calton, 2016;Rapaport & Judd, 1998), and this relationship has been used to emphasize the importance of intervention and support systems to reduce both depression and general health impairments for those with mental health problems. Extending these results to young adults with ASD, our results showed that elevated depression, anxiety, and stress were also strongly associated with increased distress, QoL impairment, disability, and work loss days in young adults with ASD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disability, functioning, and quality of life among treatment-seeking young autistic adults and its relation to depression, anxiety, and stress

Park

Song

Demetriou

et al. 2019

Autism

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In this study, we consecutively recruited treatment-seeking young autistic adults without intellectual impairment aged 16–30 years who presented to a mental health service and evaluated general health (distress, quality of life, and disability), functioning (work loss days and social functioning), and mood symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress) in those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder ( n = 96). This group was compared to young adults presenting to the same service with primary mental health disorders (depression, n = 343; bipolar, n = 132; psychosis, n = 166; and anxiety, n = 303). This study also investigated the influence of mood symptoms on general health and functioning in the autism spectrum disorder group. Young autistic adults reported significant general health and functioning impairments that were of similar degree to those presenting with primary mental health disorders. Interestingly, the autistic group also reported similarly high levels of mood symptoms to those with primary depressive and anxiety disorders. In the autistic group, depressive symptoms were strongly associated with distress, quality of life, and work loss days, while stress symptoms were strongly associated with disability. This study highlights further research, and mental health services are required specifically targeting young autistic adults to address their significant unmet needs.

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“…SAD is a relatively common disorder in Western cultures, with reported lifetime prevalence ranging between 4.4% in Europe (Ohayon & Schatzberg, 2010) and 12.1% in the United States (Kessler, Berglund, et al, 2005;Ruscio et al, 2008). The age of onset has been found to be approximately 13 years (Kessler, Berglund, et al, 2005;McEvoy, Grove, & Slade, 2011), and its impact can be severe; it has been associated with increased risk for subsequent depression (Beesdo et al, 2007); co-morbid anxiety, mood, and impulse control disorders (Kessler, Chiu, Demler, & Walters, 2005); alcohol dependence (Kessler, Chiu, et al, 2005;Schneier et al, 2010); and significant problems in social and occupational functioning (McKnight, Monfort, Kashdan, Blalock, & Calton, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social cognition and metacognition in social anxiety: A systematic review

Gkika

Wittkowski

Wells

2017

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Cognitive-behavioural and metacognitive approaches to emotional disorder implicate beliefs in social anxiety, but the types of beliefs differ across these perspectives. Cognitive models suggest that social beliefs about the self (i.e., high standards and conditional and unconditional beliefs) are central. In contrast, the metacognitive model gives centre stage to metacognitive beliefs (i.e., positive and negative beliefs about thinking) as main contributors to the maintenance of the disorder. Despite an expanding research interest in this area, the evidence for such contributions has not yet been reviewed. This study set out to systematically review relevant cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental investigations of the direct and indirect (through cognitive processes, such as anticipatory processing, self-focused attention, the post-mortem, and avoidance) relationships of social and metacognitive beliefs with social anxiety. Clinical and nonclinical samples were included, and correlation and regression coefficients as well as results from group comparisons (e.g., t tests and analyses of variance) were extracted. Overall, 23 papers were located, through PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science, and reviewed using narrative synthesis. The results showed a robust positive relationship between social beliefs and social anxiety that appeared to be mediated by cognitive processes. Specific metacognitive beliefs were found to positively contribute to social anxiety both directly and indirectly, through cognitive processes. The study's findings are limited to 2 models of social anxiety and other minor limitations (e.g., grey literature was excluded). With these accounted for, the results are discussed in terms of the conceptualization and treatment of social anxiety and suggestions for future research are made.

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Anxiety symptoms and functional impairment: A systematic review of the correlation between the two measures

Cited by 96 publications

References 198 publications

Social functioning in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders

Social functioning in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders

Disability, functioning, and quality of life among treatment-seeking young autistic adults and its relation to depression, anxiety, and stress

Social cognition and metacognition in social anxiety: A systematic review

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