Anxiety sensitivity and post-traumatic stress reactions: Evidence for intrusions and physiological arousal as mediating and moderating mechanisms

Olatunji, Bunmi O.; Fan, Qianqian

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.06.002

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Our findings, as well as those of James et al (2015) indicate that reactivation alone is insufficient to reduce intrusions. Note that the intervention in the study of James et al (2015) was applied after 24 hours, when intrusion frequencies are still high, whereas we intervened after four days, when intrusion frequencies had approached 0 (for the course of intrusions after analogue trauma, see also James et al, 2015, experiment 1 and 2; Olatunji & Fan, 2015). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetris and Word games lead to fewer intrusive memories when applied several days after analogue trauma

Hagenaars

Holmes

Klaassen

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Intrusive trauma memories are a key symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), so disrupting their recurrence is highly important. Intrusion development was hindered by visuospatial interventions administered up to 24 hours after analogue trauma. It is unknown whether interventions can be applied later, and whether modality or working-memory load are crucial factors. Objectives: This study tested: (1) whether a visuospatial task would lead to fewer intrusions compared to a reactivation-only group when applied after memory reactivation four days after analogue trauma exposure (extended replication), (2) whether both tasks (i.e. one aimed to be visuospatial, one more verbal) would lead to fewer intrusions than the reactivation-only group (intervention effect), and (3) whether supposed task modality (visuospatial or verbal) is a critical component (modality effect). Method: Fifty-four participants were randomly assigned to reactivation+Tetris (visuospatial), reactivation+Word games (verbal), or reactivation-only (no task). They watched an aversive film (day 0) and recorded intrusive memories of the film in diary A. On day 4, memory was reactivated, after which participants played Tetris, Word games, or had no task for 10 minutes. They then kept a second diary (B). Informative hypotheses were evaluated using Bayes factors. Results: Reactivation+Tetris and reactivation+Word games resulted in relatively fewer intrusions from the last day of diary A to the first day of diary B than reactivation-only (objective 1 and 2). Thus, both tasks were effective even when applied days after analogue trauma. Reactivation-only was not effective. Reactivation+Word games appeared to result in fewer intrusions than reactivation+Tetris (objective 3; modality effect), but this evidence was weak. Explorative analyses showed that Word games were more difficult than Tetris. Conclusions: Applying a task four days after the trauma film (during memory reconsolidation) was effective. The modality versus working-memory load issue is inconclusive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetris and Word games lead to fewer intrusive memories when applied several days after analogue trauma

Hagenaars

Holmes

Klaassen

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Results indicated that trauma-exposed women with PTSD reported greater ASCC than those without PTSD, and ASCC significantly predicted PTS symptom severity. Olatunji and Fan (2015) utilized a trauma-film lab paradigm to elucidate the role of ASCC in PTS symptoms and found that ASCC predicted greater trauma-related intrusive thoughts throughout 1 week following the trauma-film, providing further evidence for the causal role of ASCC in PTS symptomology. This finding was supported in a naturalistic longitudinal study in which ASCC prior to a traumatic event (i.e., a campus shooting) prospectively predicted post-shooting PTS symptoms (Boffa et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Interactive Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury and Anxiety Sensitivity Cognitive Concerns on Post-traumatic Stress Among Active Duty Soldiers

Albanese¹,

Macatee²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2017

Cogn Ther Res

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“…Anxiety sensitivity has been found to be associated with PTSD diagnosis, symptom severity, and the use of substances to cope with negative affect [24, 26, 27, 33, 81]. Among those with a SUD, both the presence of trauma exposure and a PTSD diagnosis are associated with greater SUD severity [7, 9, 15] and may contribute to ongoing substance use to relieve PTSD-related negative affect and somatic distress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of anxiety sensitivity in reactivity to trauma cues in treatment-seeking adults with substance use disorders

McHugh

Gratz

Tull

2017

Comprehensive Psychiatry

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Background Exposure to traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). Although the presence of trauma exposure and/or PTSD among those with SUDs is associated with a range of negative outcomes, much remains to be understood about the factors contributing to these outcomes. Anxiety sensitivity (the tendency to respond fearfully to the signs and symptoms of anxiety) has been linked to greater PTSD symptoms and the use of substances to cope with PTSD symptoms, and is a promising factor for understanding the negative outcomes associated with co-occurring PTSD and SUDs. Methods This study examined the association between anxiety sensitivity and trauma cue reactivity among 194 trauma-exposed patients with SUDs (27.3% met criteria for current PTSD). Participants completed ratings of negative affect and substance cravings prior to and after exposure to a personally-relevant trauma cue. Results Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was associated with greater emotional reactivity (but not craving reactivity) to the trauma cue. PTSD symptom severity was associated with greater emotional and craving reactivity to the trauma cue; neither PTSD symptom severity nor PTSD diagnosis moderated these associations. Conclusions Results highlight the potential utility of targeting anxiety sensitivity in treatments for trauma-exposed patients with SUDs with and without PTSD.

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Anxiety sensitivity and post-traumatic stress reactions: Evidence for intrusions and physiological arousal as mediating and moderating mechanisms

Cited by 38 publications

References 59 publications

Tetris and Word games lead to fewer intrusive memories when applied several days after analogue trauma

Tetris and Word games lead to fewer intrusive memories when applied several days after analogue trauma

Interactive Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury and Anxiety Sensitivity Cognitive Concerns on Post-traumatic Stress Among Active Duty Soldiers

The role of anxiety sensitivity in reactivity to trauma cues in treatment-seeking adults with substance use disorders

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