Anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in adult men and women with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A substantive and methodological overview

Hartman, Catharina A.; Chen, Qi; Solberg, Berit Skretting; Rietz, Ebba Du; Klungsøyr, Kari; Cortese, Samuele; Dalsgaard, Søren; Haavik, Jan; Ribasés, Marta; Mostert, Jeanette C.; Libutzki, Berit; Kittel‐Schneider, Sarah; Cormand, Bru; Vos, Melissa; Larsson, Henrik; Reif, Andreas; Faraone, Stephen V.; Bellato, Alessio

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105209

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Information on shared genetics between ADHD and SUD and related substance use behaviors is extensive, consistent with the high prevalence of these comorbidities in ADHD ( Hartman et al, 2023 ). The shared genetic backgound might involve variants affecting externalizing behaviors increasing SUD risk, in line with a study by Sanchez-Roige and coworkers ( Sanchez-Roige et al, 2019a ) that reported a positive genetic correlation of ADHD with drug experimentation (rg = 0.28).…”

Section: Molecular Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…semi-standardized clinical or fully standardized trained research-staff interviews). A detailed analysis of comorbidity patterns with respect to age and sex, coming from large registries and cohorts, is provided in another review article in this special issue ( Hartman et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, comorbidity is one of the major factors that contributes to the persistence of the disorder from childhood into adulthood ( Roy et al, 2016 ). The presence of comorbid disorders can also complicate detection, diagnosis and correct treatment of ADHD ( Hartman et al, 2023 ; Kooij et al, 2019 ). Furthermore, the presence of comorbid conditions in individuals with ADHD goes hand in hand with stronger symptom severity and impairments, as well as increased mortality ( Dalsgaard et al, 2015 ; Elwin et al, 2020 ; Kessler et al, 2005b ; Kooij et al, 2019 ; Sun et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic architecture of ADHD and overlap with other psychiatric disorders and cognition-related phenotypes

Ribasés

Mitjans

Hartman

et al. 2023

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Section: Molecular Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic architecture of ADHD and overlap with other psychiatric disorders and cognition-related phenotypes

Ribasés

Mitjans

Hartman

et al. 2023

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…In the US, the prevalence of ADHD is estimated to be 9.8% among children and adolescents and 4.4% among adults . The disorder is associated with a broad range of psychiatric and physical comorbidities, as well as adverse functional outcomes . Furthermore, individuals with ADHD have a 2-fold increased risk of premature death compared with those without it, mainly due to unnatural causes …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD Pharmacotherapy and Mortality in Individuals With ADHD

Li,

Zhu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

JAMA

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ImportanceAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased risks of adverse health outcomes including premature death, but it is unclear whether ADHD pharmacotherapy influences the mortality risk.ObjectiveTo investigate whether initiation of ADHD pharmacotherapy was associated with reduced mortality risk in individuals with ADHD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn an observational nationwide cohort study in Sweden applying the target trial emulation framework, we identified individuals aged 6 through 64 years with an incident diagnosis of ADHD from 2007 through 2018 and no ADHD medication dispensation prior to diagnosis. Follow-up started from ADHD diagnosis until death, emigration, 2 years after ADHD diagnosis, or December 31, 2020, whichever came first.ExposuresADHD medication initiation was defined as dispensing of medication within 3 months of diagnosis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresWe assessed all-cause mortality within 2 years of ADHD diagnosis, as well as natural-cause (eg, physical conditions) and unnatural-cause mortality (eg, unintentional injuries, suicide, and accidental poisonings).ResultsOf 148 578 individuals with ADHD (61 356 females [41.3%]), 84 204 (56.7%) initiated ADHD medication. The median age at diagnosis was 17.4 years (IQR, 11.6-29.1 years). The 2-year mortality risk was lower in the initiation treatment strategy group (39.1 per 10 000 individuals) than in the noninitiation treatment strategy group (48.1 per 10 000 individuals), with a risk difference of −8.9 per 10 000 individuals (95% CI, −17.3 to −0.6). ADHD medication initiation was associated with significantly lower rate of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.88) and unnatural-cause mortality (2-year mortality risk, 25.9 per 10 000 individuals vs 33.3 per 10 000 individuals; risk difference, −7.4 per 10 000 individuals; 95% CI, −14.2 to −0.5; HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.86), but not natural-cause mortality (2-year mortality risk, 13.1 per 10 000 individuals vs 14.7 per 10 000 individuals; risk difference, −1.6 per 10 000 individuals; 95% CI, −6.4 to 3.2; HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.05).Conclusions and RelevanceAmong individuals diagnosed with ADHD, medication initiation was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality, particularly for death due to unnatural causes.

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“…11 A strong correlation is found between ADHD and development of anxiety, mood and substance disorders in adults. 12 Physical health conditions such as epilepsy, migraine, obesity, dermatitis and some immune disorders, are more common in those with ADHD. 13 A systematic review of 351 studies concluded that without treatment, people with ADHD often experience poorer long-term outcomes (lower academic achievement, antisocial behaviour, problematic driving, non-medicinal drug use/addictive behaviour, obesity, occupational problems, high use of health services, poor self-esteem, and poor social function).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and use of psychostimulants in Aotearoa, New Zealand: exploring the treatment gap

Lillis

2023

J. Prim. Health Care

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Introduction Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting about 7% of those aged up to 12 years, 5% of teenagers and 3% of adults. It is associated with poor academic performance, substance abuse, criminality, poor social functioning and other negative outcomes. Psychotherapeutic treatment is moderately successful, whereas pharmacotherapy with stimulant medication is more efficacious and is recommended in many international guidelines. Anecdotal evidence suggests underuse of these medications in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Aim To estimate how many patients with ADHD are prescribed psychostimulants in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Methods National prescribing data for dexamphetamine and methylphenidate in 2022 were obtained and matched against estimated prevalence of ADHD by age. Results There is a significant treatment gap for which inability to access first-line medication is likely to be the predominant explanation. Discussion The data suggest failure of our health system to provide reasonable health care for a significant number of people with ADHD, and results in inequity in outcomes. New approaches are needed that will increase access to first-line medication, yet maintain appropriateness of diagnosis and limit risk of medication diversion.

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Anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in adult men and women with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A substantive and methodological overview

Cited by 22 publications

References 159 publications

Genetic architecture of ADHD and overlap with other psychiatric disorders and cognition-related phenotypes

Genetic architecture of ADHD and overlap with other psychiatric disorders and cognition-related phenotypes

ADHD Pharmacotherapy and Mortality in Individuals With ADHD

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and use of psychostimulants in Aotearoa, New Zealand: exploring the treatment gap

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