Anxiety level among students of different college and universities in India during lock down in connection to the COVID-19 pandemic

Biswas, Surjyo Jyoti; Biswas, Anirban

doi:10.1007/s10389-020-01431-8

Cited by 28 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although similar in their methodological approach, different psychometric instruments were used in the studies. The instruments used to evaluate anxiety were: 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]; 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2) [ 60 ]; Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]; Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM), Depression [ 52 ], Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) [ 34 , 69 ]; Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-4) [ 70 , 71 ]; State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y2) [ 72 ]; and Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) [ 73 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extreme range in estimates can be explained by the large heterogeneity of the sample, since distinct studies using the same scale have very different results. For example, among studies using the GAD-7 [ 43 , 44 , 48 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 59 , 72 ] and Zung SAS [ 61 , 62 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 80 ] scales, the prevalence ranges for symptoms of anxiety were 11–88.9% and 7.7–61.7%, respectively. This perhaps highlights the need to adapt the scales according to each country’s cultural context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Anxiety in University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Liyanage

Saqib

Khan

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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There is a dearth of evidence synthesis on the prevalence of anxiety among university students even though the risk of psychological disorders among this population is quite high. We conducted a quantitative systematic review to estimate the global prevalence of anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic search for cross-sectional studies on PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO, using PRISMA guidelines, was conducted from September 2020 to February 2021. A total of 36 studies were included, using a random-effects model to calculate the pooled proportion of anxiety. A meta-analysis of the prevalence estimate of anxiety yielded a summary prevalence of 41% (95% CI = 0.34–0.49), with statistically significant evidence of between-study heterogeneity (Q = 80801.97, I2 = 100%, p ≤ 0.0001). A subgroup analysis reported anxiety prevalence in Asia as 33% (95% CI:0.25–0.43), the prevalence of anxiety in Europe as 51% (95% CI: 0.44–0.59), and the highest prevalence of anxiety in the USA as 56% (95% CI: 0.44–0.67). A subgroup gender-based analysis reported the prevalence of anxiety in females as 43% (95% CI:0.29–0.58) compared to males with an anxiety prevalence of 39% (95% CI:0.29–0.50). University students seem to have a high prevalence of anxiety, indicating an increased mental health burden during this pandemic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Anxiety in University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Liyanage

Saqib

Khan

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a result, toward the end of April 2020, "normal" activities in China gradually reopened [25], and college students returned to campus life, albeit while wearing masks and maintaining social distancing to prevent further COVID-19 outbreaks [26]. According to recent reports, the pressure of academic delays resulting from online classes as experienced during the peak stage was more prominent during the reopening stage of this epidemic [27,28]. Contributing to the concerns and fears associated with the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic was the uncertainty and variety of negative information regarding the outbreak's resurgence [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal Study on the Mental Health of College Students in Jinan During the Peak Stage of the COVID-19 Epidemic and the Society Reopening

Zheng

Guo

et al. 2021

Biomed Hub

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Introduction: COVID-19, a continuously emerging human-to-human infectious disease, has exerted a significant impact on the mental health of college students. However, little is known regarding the variations in the mental health issues experienced by college students during the peak versus reopening stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Methods: To assess these issues, an online longitudinal survey was conducted via a WeChat applet. Undergraduates (n = 300) were recruited from 26 universities throughout Jinan in February 2020 (T1 – the epidemic peak stage) and in January 2021 (T2 – the society reopening stage). Their mental status was determined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Results: Of the original 300 college students recruited for this survey, 294 responses at T1 and 285 at T2 were analyzed. Compared with responses obtained at T1, college students at T2 showed a greater prevalence of depression (65.3 vs. 51.0%; p = 0.001) and anxiety (47.7 vs. 38.1%, p = 0.019), and experienced more severe depression (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.001). Both males (p = 0.03) and females (p < 0.01) showed higher levels of depression at T2 versus T1, while no differences were obtained with regard to anxiety and insomnia. At T1, Grade 4 students showed greater levels of depression (p = 0.005) and anxiety (p = 0.008) than that of Grade 1 students. While at T2, only greater levels of depression (p = 0.004) were present when compared with that of Grade 1 students. Additionally, Grade 4 college students demonstrated a greater prevalence of depression at T2 versus T1 (p = 0.03), but no statistically differences were present for anxiety and insomnia. No statistically significant differences were obtained among the 4 grades of college students for insomnia at either the T1 or T2. Conclusion: With progression of the COVID-19 epidemic, college students showed increasing levels of depression and anxiety, with Grade 4 college students being most seriously affected. It is imperative that intervention strategies be implemented to mitigate against these mental health issues resulting from the COVID-19 epidemic.

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“…Evidence of mental health distress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has been reported globally (1,2). Several studies have been conducted since the beginning of the pandemic on the psychological well-being of individuals, showing high levels of psychological distress in terms of anxiety, depression, stress, and even PTSD symptomatology (3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Patterns and Predictors of Loneliness for the Chinese Medical Students Since Post-Lockdown to New Normal With COVID-19

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related quarantine has had unique psychological challenges for medical students, particularly loneliness. In this study, we demonstrated the patterns and predictors of loneliness in medical students since post-lockdown to new normal with COVID-19.Methods: A convenience sampling method was used in this study. Face-to-face online questionnaires of UCLA Loneliness Scale and psychological characteristics scales were completed by 1,478 participants. Latent profile analysis and multinominal logistic regressions were performed.Results: Three latent profile models were identified in this study: low loneliness (52.3%), interpersonal sensitivity loneliness (3.5%), and high loneliness (44.1%). Sophomore (Est = 1.937; p < 0.05) and junior students (Est = 2.939; p < 0.05), neuroticism (Est = 2.475; p < 0.05), high arousal symptoms (Est = 2.618; p < 0.01), and the quality of support from friends (Est = 2.264; p < 0.05) were the risk factors for high loneliness profile. In addition, sophomore (Est = 2.065; p < 0.05) and junior students (Est = 2.702; p < 0.01), openness (Est = 2.303; p < 0.05), and conscientiousness personality (Est = −2.348; p < 0.05) were the predictors of an interpersonal sensitive loneliness profile. Good peer relationship (Est = −2.266; p < 0.05) and other support (Est = −2.247; p < 0.05) were protective factors for low loneliness profile.Limitations: Participants were selected from one medical university; the generalizability is limited.Conclusions: Timely loneliness-focused interventions should be targeted on the different profiles and predictors of loneliness in medical students.

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Anxiety level among students of different college and universities in India during lock down in connection to the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence of Anxiety in University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Prevalence of Anxiety in University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

A Longitudinal Study on the Mental Health of College Students in Jinan During the Peak Stage of the COVID-19 Epidemic and the Society Reopening

The Patterns and Predictors of Loneliness for the Chinese Medical Students Since Post-Lockdown to New Normal With COVID-19

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