Anxiety Indexes in the Draw a Person Test; A Scoring Manual

Abstract

A scoring manual for anxiety indexes in the Draw A Person Test (DAP) was based, in part, on the work of Hoyt, and of Goldworth, with a number of additions and modifications by the author. Twenty indexes of anxiety were described. Alternative scoring procedures were suggested for some indexes. The scoring was based on both a four-point scale and a twopoint scale. Interrated reliabilities ranged from .67 to 1 .OO.

Figure drawings: A popular method

“…Rather, they may provide an overarching view that provides a context to facilitate the integration of data obtained from a variety of methods and sources. Thus, drawing data should not be used to support a more valid measure (Motta et al, 1993) but may be used in conjunction with and in relation to other data, consistently with the configural approach (Handler, 1967;Reithmiller & Handler, 1997a, 1997b. Given that the configural approach places data within a context of other data, the substantiation of conclusions may be facilitated.…”

“…Of concern is that the many critics do not comment on this application for drawing data. Machover's (1949) methodology of examining single signs subsequently evolved into broader views requiring integration of data beginning with Hammer (1954Hammer ( , 1958 and continuing with Handler and associates (Handler, 1967;Handler & Reyher, 1965, 1966 as well as Buck (1970), Jolles (1971), Burns and Kaufman (1970), Tharinger and Stark (1990), and most recently Handler (1997a, 1997b). One reason there are disparate views regarding the utility of figure drawings is that different interpretations are used.…”

“…Research is needed to determine which combinations of measures prove most effective. In considering these points to develop a conclusion, Handler (1997a, 1997b) maintained that configural scoring (Handler, 1967;Handler & Reyher, 1966), along with the use of aggregated data (Rushton, Brainerd, & Pressley, 1983) is the appropriate method with which to generate data from drawings. The validity issues associated with the single sign approach do not emerge when aggregated data are used and may increase the utility of figure drawings beyond that of a screening device.…”

“…The use of Human Figure Drawings (HFD) for assessment is common Although research has emphasized interpretation (Hammer, 1954(Hammer, , 1958Joiner, Schmidt, & Barnett, 1996;Reithmiller & Handler, 1997a, 1997b, other aspects of the assessment process have been investigated, such as the qualifications of those evaluating the drawings (e.g., Stricker, 1967), the psychometric properties of various scoring systems (e.g., Joiner, Schmidt, & Barnett, 1996;Naglieri, & Pfeiffer, 1992), and the impact of artistic ability (Feher, VanderCreek, & Teglasi, 1983;Handler, 1967;Swensen, 1968). There have been legions of individual studies and numerous summary papers (e.g., Kahill, 1984;Klopfer & Taulbee, 1976;Suinn & Oskamp, 1969) that compile individual studies.…”

A testkép komplexitása és a szervátültetés sikeressége. Vesetranszplantált páciensek longitudinális vizsgálata

“…Ez összefüggésben állhat az elszigeteltség és az alacsonyabb önbecsülés érzésével is, mely a terápiás együtt-működésre (kontrollra járás, gyógyszerek pontos szedése) és az általános megküz-dési képességekre is negatív hatást gyakorol (NESCI, FAVALE, FOCO, CASTAGNETO és NANNI, 2001). Továbbá a kevésbé részletes rajz a szorongás egyik indikátorá-nak is tekinthető, ami a lassabb fizikai és lelki felépüléssel is összefüggésben áll (HANDLER, 1967;HJORTH és HARWAY, 1981;HORWITZ, KOWALSKI, THEORELL és ANDERBERG, 2006;MACHOVER, 1949). Eredményeink szerint a sötétebb, monokróm rajzok gyakrabban fordultak elő a graft rejekciót mutató csoportban.…”