Anxiety disorders in adolescence are associated with impaired facial expression recognition to negative valence

Jarros, Rafaela Behs; Salum, Giovanni Abrahão; Silva, Cristiano Tschiedel Belem da; Toazza, Rudineia; Costa, Marianna de Abreu; Salles, Jerusa Fumagalli de; Manfro, Gisele Gus

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.09.023

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This finding supported a different triggering factor of threat perception, that is to say a differential source of threat for each group. These results are consistent with Easter et al [28] and Jarros et al [24] studies, which showed poorest performances in adult EFE recognition in anxious groups (GAD, SAD, SP).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Two studies found no emotionlabeling deficits [22,23] in anxious children, regardless the type of anxiety. However, other results suggest decreased abilities to identify anger in anxious adolescents [24]. These discrepancies could result from differences in methods and anxiety diagnosis, as SA seems particularly associated with slower identification RT for neutral faces [25] and lower accuracy for faces expressing happiness, sadness and disgust [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions (EFE) in Paediatric Anxiety: Are Child Faces More Noteworthy than Adult Faces?

Bouragui¹

2017

Acta Psychopathol

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Anxiety is characterized by an increased attention toward threatening information. Anxious adults displayed such attentional biases in tasks involving both implicit and explicit evaluation of Emotional Facial Expressions (EFE). This study investigated whether anxiety can disturb these two levels of information processing in children processing emotional faces. Second, we also intended to examine whether anxious children exhibit comparable responses to adult and child EFE, as children are particularly confronted to peers' faces in their daily life. To this aims, a sample of children with high levels of anxiety on SCARED and STAI-C scales were compared to healthy children ranging in age from 6 to 9 years. They performed a forcedchoice paradigm, consisting in judging the age (adult/child), the gender (male/ female) and the emotion (anger/happiness) of faces presented one by one on a screen. For each condition, correct answers rates (CA) and Reaction Time (RT) were examined for anxious and non-anxious groups. Results showed that children performed generally more accurately for judging emotion as compared to age or gender. However, this effect was moderated by the face's categories, as all children answered with higher accuracy to adult faces in the gender condition, and to children faces in the age condition, meaning they identify more accurately their peers but the sexual characters are more distinguishable on adult faces. All participants were more efficient to identify anger than happiness, but healthy children answered faster to adult angry faces in all conditions, while anxious children did not show this effect and processed more accurately anger on children faces as compared to adult ones. These results suggest that anxious children paid more attention to their peers' disapproval, while non-anxious children focused rather on adults' disapprobation. Further research might examine the role of the social standing and need of social approval in paediatric anxiety.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions (EFE) in Paediatric Anxiety: Are Child Faces More Noteworthy than Adult Faces?

Bouragui¹

2017

Acta Psychopathol

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“…However, studies directly exploring the impact of anxiety disorders on experimental tasks have yielded mixed results. Some studies have found anxiety disorder patients exhibit impairments in short-term verbal and visual memory (Jelinek et al 2006;O'Toole et al 2015), including facial recognition (Jarros et al 2012), and long-term memory (Airaksinen et al 2005;Butters et al 2011). Other studies show no anxiety disorderlinked impairment in short-term (Günther et al 2004;Castaneda et al 2011) or recognition memory (Yoon et al 2016).…”

Section: [Supplemental Materials Is Available For This Article]mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of threat of shock-induced anxiety on memory encoding and retrieval

Bolton

Robinson

2017

Learn. Mem.

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Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health disorders, and daily transient feelings of anxiety (or "stress") are ubiquitous. However, the precise impact of both transient and pathological anxiety on higher-order cognitive functions, including short-and long-term memory, is poorly understood. A clearer understanding of the anxiety-memory relationship is important as one of the core symptoms of anxiety, most prominently in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is intrusive reexperiencing of traumatic events in the form of vivid memories. This study therefore aimed to examine the impact of induced anxiety (threat of shock) on memory encoding and retrieval. Eighty-six healthy participants completed tasks assessing: visuospatial working memory, verbal recognition, face recognition, and associative memory. Critically, anxiety was manipulated within-subjects: information was both encoded and retrieved under threat of shock and safe (no shock) conditions. Results revealed that visuospatial working memory was enhanced when information was encoded and subsequently retrieved under threat, and that threat impaired the encoding of faces regardless of the condition in which it was retrieved. Episodic memory and verbal short-term recognition were, however, unimpaired. These findings indicate that transient anxiety in healthy individuals has domain-specific, rather than domain-general, impacts on memory. Future studies would benefit from expanding these findings into anxiety disorder patients to delineate the differences between adaptive and maladaptive responding.

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“…Socially anxious adults evaluated facial expressions as more threatening or rejecting than control groups (e.g., Maoz et al, 2016). This effect was also shown for pediatric samples with anxiety disorders (including SAD) who tended to misinterpret neutral faces as emotional (Jarros et al, 2012;Melfsen & Florin, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Facial affect processing in social anxiety disorder with early onset: evidence of an intensity amplification bias

Schwab

Schienle

2017

Social Neuroscience

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The present event-related potential (ERP) study investigated for the first time whether children with early-onset social anxiety disorder (SAD) process affective facial expressions of varying intensities differently than non-anxious controls. Participants were 15 SAD patients and 15 nonanxious controls (mean age of 9 years). They were presented with schematic faces displaying anger and happiness at four intensity levels (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), as well as with neutral faces. ERPs in early and later time windows (P100, N170, late positivity [LP]), as well as affective ratings (valence and arousal) for the faces, were recorded. SAD patients rated the faces as generally more arousing, regardless of the type of emotion and intensity. Moreover, they displayed enhanced right-parietal LP (350-650 ms). Both arousal ratings and LP reflect stimulus intensity. Therefore, this study provides first evidence of an intensity amplification bias in pediatric SAD during facial affect processing. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Anxiety disorders in adolescence are associated with impaired facial expression recognition to negative valence

Cited by 36 publications

References 29 publications

Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions (EFE) in Paediatric Anxiety: Are Child Faces More Noteworthy than Adult Faces?

Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions (EFE) in Paediatric Anxiety: Are Child Faces More Noteworthy than Adult Faces?

The impact of threat of shock-induced anxiety on memory encoding and retrieval

Facial affect processing in social anxiety disorder with early onset: evidence of an intensity amplification bias

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