Anxiety Disorders - Assessment and Management in General Practice

Abstract

The objective of this article is to provide an update on the diagnosis, assessment, and management of anxiety disorders in adults. This article covers the following disorders: panic disorder, panic attacks, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, and generalised anxiety disorder. Childhood anxiety disorders such as selective mutism and separation anxiety disorder will not be covered. Obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, which are not categorised as anxiety disorders in DSM-5, will not be covered as well.Anxiety and related disorders are common mental health disorders but are under-diagnosed and undertreated. Most cases of anxiety disorders present first to the primary care physician and can be managed in primary care.It is important to take a detailed history of the patient's severity and duration of symptoms, enquire about psychosocial stressors and symptoms that may be suggestive of a medical condition, as well as assess suicidality. A combined approach of psychoeducation, relaxation training, and medications give the best results. SSRIs are first-line pharmacologic treatment for most anxiety disorders. There is a need to stress that benzodiazepines have no role in the long-term treatment of anxiety disorders. They should not be given for more than two to four weeks. Treatment for generalised anxiety disorder should be for at least 32 weeks as high relapse rates are reported after discontinuing medications