Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Postorino, Valentina; Kerns, Connor M.; Vivanti, Giacomo; Bradshaw, Jessica; Siracusano, Martina; Mazzone, Luigi

doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0846-y

Cited by 139 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a class of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with problems relating to communication and social interaction, repetitive behaviours, anxiety, and cognitive impairments [132][133][134]. As in schizophrenia, there is mounting evidence that there may be a vascular component to this category of disorders.…”

Section: Autism Spectrum Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-brain barrier regulation in psychiatric disorders

Kealy

Greene

Campbell

2020

Neuroscience Letters

200

135

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The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface between the peripheral blood supply and the cerebral parenchyma, controlling the transport of material to and from the brain. Tight junctions between the endothelial cells of the cerebral microvasculature limit the passage of large, negatively charged molecules via paracellular diffusion whereas transcellular transportation across the endothelial cell is controlled by a number of mechanisms including transporter proteins, endocytosis, and diffusion. Here, we review the evidence that perturbation of these processes may underlie the development of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and affective disorders. Increased permeability of the BBB appears to be a common factor in these disorders, leading to increased infiltration of peripheral material into the brain culminating in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. However, although there is no common mechanism underpinning BBB dysfunction even within each particular disorder, the tight junction protein claudin-5 may be a clinically relevant target given that both clinical and pre-clinical research has linked it to schizophrenia, ASD, and depression. Additionally, we discuss the clinical significance of the BBB in diagnosis (genetic markers, dynamic contrast-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging, and blood biomarkers) and in treatment (drug delivery).

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Section: Autism Spectrum Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-brain barrier regulation in psychiatric disorders

Kealy

Greene

Campbell

2020

Neuroscience Letters

200

135

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“…ASD is associated with a high risk for anxiety disorders, which can exacerbate ASD core symptoms and challenging behaviors. [ 34 ] According to a recent meta-analysis, 39.6% of young individuals with ASD had clinically elevated anxiety with at least one anxiety disorder. [ 35 ] The most common anxiety disorders in ASD are specific phobia (29.8%), obsessive compulsive disorder (17.4%), and social anxiety and agoraphobia (16.6%).…”

Section: Anxiety In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical presentation of anxiety in ASD may be different from that in the general population. [ 34 ] Anxiety can manifest itself with heterogeneous features in people with ASD, including fears of novelty and worries concerning special interests and unusual phobias. [ 36 ] Repetitive behaviors such as stereotyped (i.e., flapping, rocking) or more complex behaviors (i.e., following the same routine) can be comforting for ASD individual but can become a source of anxiety when interrupted.…”

Section: Anxiety In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin and Comorbidities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Gagnon

2018

Curr Dev Disord Rep

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Purpose of ReviewMelatonin is used to treat sleep difficulties associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are growing evidence that melatonin could have an effect on other symptoms than sleep, such as anxiety, depression, pain, and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Interestingly, these symptoms frequently are found as comorbid conditions in individuals with ASD. We aimed to highlight the potential effect of melatonin on these symptoms.Recent FindingsAnimal and human studies show that melatonin reduces anxiety. Regarding the effect of melatonin on pain, animal studies are promising, but results remain heterogeneous in humans. Both animal and human studies have found that melatonin can have a positive effect on gastrointestinal dysfunction.SummaryMelatonin has the potential to act on a wide variety of symptoms associated with ASD. However, other than sleep difficulties, no studies exist on melatonin as a treatment for ASD comorbid conditions. Such investigations should be on the research agenda because melatonin could improve a multitude of ASD comorbidities and, consequently, improve well-being.

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“…Patients with ASD are at increased risk of comorbid symptoms of OCD and anxiety disorders [ 15 ]. The success of DBS for the treatment of OCD and anxiety, targeting at the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the ventral internal capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS), respectively, has been proven [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Brain Stimulation Modified Autism-Like Deficits via the Serotonin System in a Valproic Acid-Induced Rat Model

Wu¹,

Chen²,

Chu³

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is known to be a promising treatment for resistant depression, which acts via the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (ILPFC). Previous study revealed that dysfunction of brain 5-HT homeostasis is related to a valproate (VPA)-induced rat autism spectrum disorder (ASD) model. Whether ILPFC DBS rescues deficits in VPA-induced offspring through the 5-HT system is not known. Using VPA-induced offspring, we therefore explored the effect of DBS in autistic phenotypes and further investigated the underlying mechanism. Using combined behavioral and molecular approaches, we observed that applying DBS and 5-HT1A receptor agonist treatment with 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) reversed sociability deficits, anxiety and hyperactivity in the VPA-exposed offspring. We then administered the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist N-[2-[4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2-pyridinylcyclohexanecarboxamide maleate (WAY 100635), following which the effect of DBS in terms of improving autistic behaviors was blocked in the VPA-exposed offspring. Furthermore, we found that both 8-OH-DPAT and DBS treatment rescued autistic behaviors by decreasing the expressions of NR2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and the β3 subunit of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAAR) in the PFC region. These results provided the first evidence of characteristic behavioral changes in VPA-induced offspring caused by DBS via the 5-HT system in the ILPFC.

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Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 139 publications

References 89 publications

Blood-brain barrier regulation in psychiatric disorders

Blood-brain barrier regulation in psychiatric disorders

Melatonin and Comorbidities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Deep Brain Stimulation Modified Autism-Like Deficits via the Serotonin System in a Valproic Acid-Induced Rat Model

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