Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Are Associated With Internet Gaming Disorder During COVID-19: Fear of Missing Out as a Mediator

Wang, Yang; Liu, Bingjie; Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Peng

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.827519

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Jiang et al ( 27 ) also revealed that internet addiction was directly related to college students' depression and indirectly predicted students' depression via the mediator of social support and sleep quality. On the other hand, under the mediation of fear of missing out, young people with anxiety are more likely to develop Internet gaming disorder, while young people with depression or stress may be susceptible to other types of Internet use disorders ( 99 ). In this context, Yang et al ( 100 ) confirmed that baseline Internet addiction had a significant net-predictive effect on follow-up depression, but it was also true that baseline depression had a significant net-predictive effect on follow-up Internet addiction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet Addiction, Symptoms of Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, Stress Among Higher Education Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Gavurová

Khouri

Ivanková

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Poor mental health is a growing concern among young people during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of Internet addiction with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress in higher education students during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to examine these mental health problems in the context of study-related characteristics. The research sample consisted of 3,099 participants from the Czech Republic (CZ: 1,422) and Slovak Republic (SK: 1,677). The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire for depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used to measure mental health problems. The analyses also included demographic data (gender and age) and study-related characteristics (form of study, degree of study, field of study, distance between college and home, and housing during the semester). Based on the results of frequency and descriptive analyses, the prevalence of mental health problems was high. The most serious levels of Internet addiction (IAT cut-off point ≥ 50), to which attention should be paid, were found in 3.5% of Czech and 6.2% of Slovak students. Using the standard cut-off point of GAD-7 ≥ 10, 14.1% of Czech and 11.6% of Slovak students were identified with anxiety symptoms. Regarding the PHQ-9 with the cut-off point ≥ 10, 23.4% of Czech and 19.1% of Slovak students had depressive symptoms, which should be addressed. Using the PSS cut-off point ≥ 27, 12.9% of Czech students and 9.1% of Slovak students perceived high stress. The quantile regression analysis showed that Internet addiction was positively associated with anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and stress in all of the analyzed cases (p-value < 0.001). In terms of study-related characteristics, the binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors for mental health problems in Czech and Slovak students were mainly full-time form of study and living away from home during the semester. Internet addiction, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and stress are issues that require increased attention, and professionals and policy-makers should implement interventions to effectively prevent and help students with psychological problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet Addiction, Symptoms of Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, Stress Among Higher Education Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Gavurová

Khouri

Ivanková

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…As the authors highlighted, the regulation used to control behavioral problems fostered the problems E ects of specific stress experienced by children and adolescents on gaming disorder during COVID-Some studies found that game usage time was increased by the social needs of isolated children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among them, Wang et al focused on the fear of missing out (54). Fear of missing out is a pervasive apprehension that others might be having rewarding experiences from which one is absent, characterized by the desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing.…”

Section: The Impact Of Relationship With Parents On Gaming Disorder I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the impact of COVID-19 on the game addiction of children and adolescents

et al. 2022

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BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, it is reported that children and adolescents who are socially isolated experience high levels of stress and various mental health problems. At present, little research has been done to collect previous studies that focused on game addiction in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this research, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of gaming disorder during COVID-19 in children and adolescents and the various factors experienced by children and adolescents that affected gaming disorder.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane on 5 May 2021 to identify relevant literature. We extracted the prevalence estimates of game addiction from the studies to measure the global prevalence of game addiction. Then, we found the answers to the questions raised and synthesized them into several themes.ResultsWe identified 2,609 articles. Among them, studies that were not related to the topic, duplicated, and that did not meet the selection criteria were excluded, and 18 studies were selected. We rated most of the studies as moderate, and a few were low, and high. A majority of studies found an increase in game usage time and game addiction score during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some children and adolescents in emotional pain play games to communicate with their peers. Regarding parenting, violent parenting and the absence of parental supervision increase levels of game addiction in children. Gaming disorder was caused by the impact of COVID-19 in a vulnerable group with predisposing factors such as depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Adolescents and males scored higher on a game addiction scale, although we could not find any quantitative correlations due to the heterogeneous scales used for gaming addiction.ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, isolated children and adolescents reported increased gaming hours as a result of coping with their psychological pain and avoiding social isolation. Their parents, who should provide proper supervision, also failed to provide appropriate support due to the stress caused by the pandemic. Mental health providers should educate children, adolescents, and their guardians on alternative ways to relieve stress and help parents effectively control their children's usage of games.

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“…A longitudinal study conducted by Wartberg et al ( 8 ) found that male sex, severe self-esteem problems, and severe hyperactivity symptoms are predictors of problematic online gaming behavior. In addition to the above, several other studies focusing on risk factors for IGD support that many variables are significantly associated with the development of IGD, including video game cost ( 9 , 10 ), gaming time ( 11 , 12 ), difficulty in emotion regulation ( 13 ), higher impulsivity ( 11 , 14 , 15 ), hyperactivity symptoms ( 16 – 19 ), self-esteem problems ( 19 – 21 ), playing multiplayer games ( 22 , 23 ), emotional symptoms ( 24 , 25 ), peer relationship problems ( 26 – 28 ), family relationship problems ( 29 , 30 ), and male sex ( 2 , 12 , 31 – 33 ), among others. Therefore, we collected information on these variables, with age and lifestyle factors (which we believe may be related to family support) as candidate predictors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Development and Internal Validation of a Model for Predicting Internet Gaming Disorder Risk in Adolescents and Children

Hong

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundThe high prevalence of Internet gaming disorder among children and adolescents and its severe psychological, health, and social consequences have become a public emergency. A high efficiency and cost-effective early recognition method are urgently needed.ObjectiveWe aim to develop and internally validate a nomogram model for predicting Internet gaming disorder (IGD) risk in Chinese adolescents and children.MethodsThrough an online survey, 780 children and adolescents aged 7–18 years who participated in the survey from June to August 2021 were selected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to filter the factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to establish the prediction model and generate nomograms and a website calculator. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the model's discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Bootstrapping validation was used to verify the model internally.ResultsMale sex and experience of game consumption were the two most important predictors. Both models exhibited good discrimination, with an area under the curve >0.80. The calibration plots were both close to the diagonal line (45°). Decision curve analyses revealed that two nomograms were clinically useful when the threshold probability for the intervention was set to 5–75%.ConclusionTwo prediction models appear to be reliable tools for Internet gaming disorder screening in children and adolescents, which can also help clinicians to personalize treatment plans. Moreover, from the standpoint of simplification and cost, Model 2 appears to be a better alternative.

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Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Are Associated With Internet Gaming Disorder During COVID-19: Fear of Missing Out as a Mediator

Cited by 32 publications

References 23 publications

Internet Addiction, Symptoms of Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, Stress Among Higher Education Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Internet Addiction, Symptoms of Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, Stress Among Higher Education Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

A systematic review of the impact of COVID-19 on the game addiction of children and adolescents

Development and Internal Validation of a Model for Predicting Internet Gaming Disorder Risk in Adolescents and Children

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