Anxiety, Depression and Coronary Artery Disease among Patients Undergoing Angiography in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing in Iran. Patients with depression * Corresponding author. M. Tajfard et al. 1109 who have a myocardial infarction are more likely to die and patients who have depressive symptoms during hospitalization may have increased cardiovascular events. This study aimed to determine the relationship between anxiety, depression and coronary artery disease among patients undergoing angiography in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad. This was a case-control study conducted between September 2011 and August 2012 among patients undergoing coronary angiography in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. There were 486 cases that were found to have one or more coronary stenoses, with a stenosis of equal or more than 50% of the diameter of at least one major coronary artery. The other patient group consisted of the patients in whom the coronary artery stenosis was less than 50% in diameter which was classified as angiography negative, and a control group that consisted of 440 healthy adults aged 18 years old and above who were selected among people who attended for routine medical checkup and medical examination of employment. The dependent variables were Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory scores and the independent factors were coronary artery disease, and socioeconomic profiles. Validated and reliability-tested questionnaires were used for data collection. The mean age of patients was 55.75 ± 10.64 years and in the healthy group was 55.83 ± 8.55 years; there was no significant difference in age between subject groups (p = 0.897) nor a significant difference in the gender frequency distribution of subjects (p = 0.610). There was a significant difference in anxiety score between the Angio positive and Angio negative patients and healthy control subjects (p < 0.001). There was a statistical significant difference between groups for the anxiety score (p < 0.001). However, the subjects did not differ significantly for BDI depression score (p = 0.534). A significant positive relationship was found between anxiety score and depression score when data were analyzed by Pearson's test (p < 0.001, Pearson's correlation = 0.582). Depression and anxiety are associated among patients with CAD undergoing coronary angiography sessions.

The Role of Immune System in Depression Disorder

“…the prevalence of depression is about 20% [1] [2]. The estimations are showing rise of the depression's incidence in the future [3].…”

The effect on anxiety level of coronary angiographic result and the perception of pain

“…(2009) 24 did not find any relationship between the rising in the abnormal coronary angiographic findings and anxiety; they also found that although female patients had less CAD, their anxiety level was significantly higher. Tajfard et al (2014) 25 found in their study that the mean anxiety scores showed statistically significant differences among the groups and these difference was originated from among the groups that consisted of healthy individuals and patients who did not have any serious coronary disease. Baram (1993) 26 found in his study that the state anxiety level was 28.67 ± 9.58 in the patients after a CAG implementation was administered.…”

Psychometric properties of Persian version of Beck depression inventory in coronary patients

“…Beck depression inventory -second edition (BDI-II) has been frequently used in various groups, including heart patients in Iran. (14)(15)(16) However, in all of the studies, the psychometric properties obtained in the general population or the general properties of the questionnaire have been used. That is the reason why the psychometric properties of various groups may be different and one of the limitations we encounter is the restricted ability to generalize data for example.…”