Anxiety and β-Adrenergic Blockade

Stone, Walter N.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1973.04200050033005

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The results therefore differ somewhat from those of studies in anxious patients but are similar to previously reported negative findings in induced anxiety (Eliasch, Lager, Norrback, Rosen & Scott, 1967;Holmberg, Levi, Mathe, Rosen & Scott, 1967;Cleghorn, Peterfry, Pinter & Pattee, 1970;Stone, Gleser & Gottschalk, 1973). On the evidence of this study propranolol does not appear to have major anti-anxiety effects but it would be unwise to extrapolate from results in induced (normal) anxiety to pathological anxiety.…”

supporting

confidence: 59%

Physiological and Psychological Effects of ±‐propranolol, +‐propranolol and Diazepam in Induced Anxiety

Tyrer

Lader

1974

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Four equal‐sexed groups of eight normal subjects were given single doses of either (±)‐propranolol (120 mg), (+)‐propranolol (120 mg), diazepam (6 mg) or placebo using double‐blind procedure and their effects studied under three types of experimental stress and at rest. Finger tremor, EEG, averaged auditory evoked response, skin conductance, heart rate and respiratory rate were measured at each time of testing, and subjects also completed performance tests (reaction time, tapping speed and symbol copying) and subjective mood scales. Neither (+)‐ nor (±)‐propranolol had any beneficial effects on mood and physiological tests showed that, although adequate β‐adrenoceptor blockade was achieved, there was no evidence of sedation. Diazepam reduced subjective anxiety, significantly lessened the main amplitude of the auditory evoked response and also reduced the proportion of slower rhythms in the EEG. The results suggest that (+)‐ and (±)‐propranolol have no psychotropic effects on induced anxiety and that their modes of action are fundamentally different from that of diazepam.

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supporting

confidence: 59%

Physiological and Psychological Effects of ±‐propranolol, +‐propranolol and Diazepam in Induced Anxiety

Tyrer

Lader

1974

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…This raises the question of whether the anxiety induced in the present experiment is related to pathological anxiety. Results from previous work have shown drug effects on anxiety to vary according to whether the anxiety was clinical or induced experimentally (Stone et al, 1973). The method used in this experiment was chosen so as to resemble examination anxiety in a student population.…”

Section: Pulsementioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the effects of lorazepam with those of propranolol on experimentally‐induced anxiety and performance.

File¹,

Lister²

1985

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 In a double-blind cross-over study the effects of propranolol (80 mg) and of lorazepam (1 or 2.5 mg) were assessed in normal student volunteers using a number of performance tests and mood-rating and bodily symptom questionnaires. Drug effects on experimentally-induced anxiety were also studied. 2 The high dose of lorazepam impaired performance in digit-symbol substitution, symbol copying and verbal learning tests, and increased subjects' ratings of dizziness. Both lorazepam and propranolol increased simple reaction time. Lorazepam but not propranolol increased ratings of sedation. 3 Although the stressor increased subjects' ratings of anxiety, neither drug altered anxiety ratings. 4 Propranolol decreased and lorazepam increased subjects' pulse. These changes were not reflected in subjects' self-ratings -lorazepam caused a reduction in ratings of palpitations. 5 The results suggest that if administered acutely, neither drug is beneficial in the treatment of short-term anxiety associated with intellectual stress.

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“…Naturally, the "stress" imposed during such an interview is a function of both the interviewers' aggression and the subjects' vulnerabilities. Some studies found no significant change in lipids during a stress interview (24,36,61). Others reported that following a stress interview, free fatty acids increased as much as 159% (23,25,34).…”

Section: Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Plasma Lipids in Response to Emotional Arousal

Dimsdale

Herd

1982

Psychosomatic Medicine

175

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Although plasma lipid levels are assumed to reflect the individual's constitutional or nutritional status, many studies have found that plasma lipids are noticeably influenced by short-term emotional arousal. Sixty such studies are reviewed. These studies span a remarkable breadth of stressful situations, such as from viewing disturbing films to taking examinations or participating in military training courses. Free fatty acid levels were almost invariably elevated in the context of a stressful event. Most studies also found that cholesterol increased from 8 to 65% above baseline under stressful conditions. In some individuals cholesterol levels may be highly labile. There was no consistent pattern of triglyceride response to emotional arousal. This area, although imaginatively studied 20 years ago, has been relatively ignored in recent years. The availability of more sophisticated techniques for studying psychological stress, neuroendocrine response, and lipid metabolism makes this topic a fertile area for further study.

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Anxiety and β-Adrenergic Blockade

Cited by 28 publications

References 19 publications

Physiological and Psychological Effects of ±‐propranolol, +‐propranolol and Diazepam in Induced Anxiety

Physiological and Psychological Effects of ±‐propranolol, +‐propranolol and Diazepam in Induced Anxiety

A comparison of the effects of lorazepam with those of propranolol on experimentally‐induced anxiety and performance.

Variability of Plasma Lipids in Response to Emotional Arousal

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