Anxiety and Pain Symptoms in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Undergoing Colonoscopy

Abstract

Children with FGID report more usual pain symptoms and may describe more pain after a colonoscopy when compared with children with IBD. Anxiety appears to play a role in pain severity after colonoscopy in children presenting with IBD, but not in children with FGID.

Anxiety Symptoms and Disease Severity in Children and Adolescents With Crohn Disease

“…Our findings are consistent with previous reports that children and adolescents diagnosed as having CD may have an increased vulnerability for developing anxiety (7,30); however, prevalence rates still need to be empirically established. Accordingly, these issues are particularly important for youth managing CD because gastrointestinal symptoms associated with psychological distress, or conditioned functional pain, may be misinterpreted as disease symptoms (9,16,(34)(35)(36). These data suggest that for some, anxiety is likely present even in the absence of disease activity.…”

Modification of the Coping and the Emotional Comorbidity in Patients Candidates to Cardiac Surgery

“…Anxiety: emotional reaction involved in the processes of adaptation to real or imaginary adverse events, which prepares the body to react to that situation (Crandall, Halterman, & Mckner, 2007). It was measured using the Hospital An-…”

The Therapy Beneath the Fun

“…Children’s perception of pain is that there are different kinds of pain—pain that they brought with them, pain caused by “getting fixed,” and physical and mental pain. 18 They describe pain as “poking in,” “stabbing,” “burning,” or “stinging” and perceive it as bad. Being in pain means “I am not better,” and not being in pain means “I am better.” Children perceive pain as personal and call their pain “my hurts.” 19…”

“…Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a common diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in which a flexible tube is inserted orally or anally to examine the gastrointestinal system. 18,20 It is considered a highly stressful procedure, in many cases leading to anxiety. 26 Literature on such examinations has focused on supportive factors to help the child and family prior to the examination, such as showing videos demonstrating the procedure.…”