Anxiety and new onset of cardiovascular disease: critical review and meta-analysis

Batelaan, Neeltje M.; Seldenrijk, Adrie; Bot, Mariska; Balkom, A.J.L.M. van; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.

doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.156554

Cited by 226 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Poor baseline psychological health has been implicated in the onset and/or exacerbation of other health conditions such as hypertension 27 , metabolic syndrome 28 , CVD 29 , mild cognitive impairment 30 , and general pain 31 . However, in the present study, baseline wellbeing and depression were not significant predictors of pain change after 6 mo of ATORVA and do not appear to be associated with SAMS in otherwise healthy adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Baseline Psychological Health on Muscle Pain During Atorvastatin Treatment

et al. 2017

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Background HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are generally well-tolerated, with statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) the most common side effect (~10%) of statin users. However, studies and clinical observations indicate that many of the self-reported SAMS appear to be non-specific (i.e., not attributable to statins). Objective Mental health and wellbeing influences self-perception of pain, so we sought to assess the effect of baseline wellbeing and depression on the development of muscle pain with 6 mo of atorvastatin 80mg/d (ATORVA) or placebo in healthy, statin-naïve adults Methods The Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB; n=83) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; n=55) questionnaires were administered at baseline in participants (aged 59.5±1.2yr) from the STOMP trial (#NCT00609063). Muscle pain (Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire [SF-MPG]), pain that interferes with daily life (Brief Pain Inventory [BPI]), and pain severity (BPI) were then measured before, throughout, and after treatment. Results At baseline, there were no differences in wellbeing (PGWB), depression (BDI), or pain measures (SF-MPG and BPI) (ps≥0.05) between placebo and ATORVA groups. Baseline wellbeing correlated with baseline BPI pain severity (r=−0.290, p=0.008). Baseline depression correlated with baseline pain (SF-MPG; r=0.314, p=0.020). Baseline wellbeing and depression did not predict the change in pain severity or interference after 6 mo among the total sample or between groups (ps≥0.05). Conclusion Baseline wellbeing and depression were not significant predictors of pain after 6 mo of ATORVA (ps≥0.05). Thus, they do not appear to increase the risk of SAMS in otherwise healthy adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Baseline Psychological Health on Muscle Pain During Atorvastatin Treatment

et al. 2017

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“…Multiple studies have shown that other facets of psychological stress, namely anxiety and hostility/anger, have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, independent of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors and depression 18 , and confer increased risks of myocardial infarction or death among patients with established cardiovascular disease 19,20 . Our data suggests that while depression after cardiac rehabilitation is rare, when present, it is often associated with other psychological stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Comorbid Psychological Stress and Depression on Outcomes After Cardiac Rehabilitation

Kachur

Menezes

Schutter

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Medicine

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“…Several studies have established a prospective association between anxiety disorders and IHD,7 8 and there is evidence of a causal association between anxiety and cardiovascular diseases 9. Findings from the Norwegian longitudinal Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) suggest a possible dose–response pattern between anxiety, measured by the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and incident myocardial infarction 23.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health anxiety and risk of ischaemic heart disease: a prospective cohort study linking the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK) with the Cardiovascular Diseases in Norway (CVDNOR) project

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is largely influenced by lifestyle. Interestingly, cohort studies show that anxiety in general is associated with increased risk of IHD, independent of established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Health anxiety is a specific type of anxiety characterised by preoccupation of having, acquiring or possibly avoiding illness, yet little is known about lifestyle and risk of disease development in this group.AimInvestigate whether health anxiety is prospectively associated with IHD, and whether a potential association can be explained by the presence or absence of established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.MethodsIncident IHD was studied among 7052 participants in the community-based Hordaland Health Study (HUSK) during 12 years follow-up by linkage to the Cardiovascular Diseases in Norway (CVDNOR) project. Scores above 90th centile of the Whiteley Index defined health anxiety cases. Associations were examined with the Cox proportional regression models.ResultsDuring follow-up, 6.1% of health anxiety cases developed IHD compared with 3.0% of non-cases, yielding a gender-adjusted HR of 2.12 (95% CI 1.52 to 2.95). After adjustments for established cardiovascular risk factors, about 70% increased risk of IHD was found among cases with health anxiety (HR: 1.73 (95% CI 1.21 to 2.48)). The association followed a dose–response pattern.ConclusionsThis finding corroborates and extends the understanding of anxiety in various forms as a risk factor for IHD. New evidence of negative consequences over time underlines the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment for health anxiety.

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Anxiety and new onset of cardiovascular disease: critical review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Anxiety may be of interest for CVD prevention. Future research should examine biological and behavioural underpinnings of the association in order to identify targets for intervention.

Cited by 226 publications

References 112 publications

Influence of Baseline Psychological Health on Muscle Pain During Atorvastatin Treatment

Influence of Baseline Psychological Health on Muscle Pain During Atorvastatin Treatment

Significance of Comorbid Psychological Stress and Depression on Outcomes After Cardiac Rehabilitation

Health anxiety and risk of ischaemic heart disease: a prospective cohort study linking the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK) with the Cardiovascular Diseases in Norway (CVDNOR) project

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