Anxiety and diabetes: Innovative approaches to management in primary care

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chief concern for patients, healthcare providers, and health care systems in America, and around the globe. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus exhibit clinical and subclinical symptoms of anxiety more frequently than people without diabetes. Anxiety is traditionally associated with poor metabolic outcomes and increased medical complications among those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Collaborative care models have been utilized in the multidisciplinary treatment of mental health problems and chronic disease, and have demonstrated success in managing the pathology of depression which often accompanies diabetes. However, no specific treatment model has been published that links the treatment of anxiety to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given the success of collaborative care models in treating depression associated with diabetes, and anxiety unrelated to chronic disease, it is possible that the collaborative care treatment of primary care patients who suffer from both anxiety and diabetes could be met with the same success. The key issue is determining how to implement and sustain these models in practice. This review summarizes the proposed link between anxiety and diabetes, and offers an innovative and evidence-based collaborative care model for anxiety and diabetes in primary care.

Effects of Physical Exercise on the Quality of Life of Type 2 Diabetes Patients

“…Referring to anxiety, it is defined as a subjective feeling of fear, worry, and discomfort, for no reason at all or derived from anticipation of something [59]. Results from a recent meta-analysis support scientifically evidence that people with T2DM exhibit an increased likelihood of having anxiety disorder and anxiety symptoms than people without diabetes, and on the other side, it is associated with poor glycemic control and increased diabetes complications [53]. Those patients can experience physiologic sensation such as tachycardia, dizziness, sweating, headaches, and gastrointestinal disorder and also avoid places, people, and events.…”

“…Beyond the physical and social well-being implications, patients with T2D are more likely to experience mental health problem. Among the mental disorders, depression and anxiety are the most common in those patients, which can lead to unfavorable influences on metabolic control and micro-and macrovascular complications compared to those with diabetes alone [53].…”

“…Those patients can experience physiologic sensation such as tachycardia, dizziness, sweating, headaches, and gastrointestinal disorder and also avoid places, people, and events. The diagnosis of the disease may induce anxiety because the patient has to adopt a severe lifestyle change in function of the disease treatment with a daily management of diabetes and worry of the long-term micro-and macrovascular complication [53]. It is common to diagnose anxiety using self-report symptom scales, mainly the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Questionnaire, the general health questionnaire for anxiety subscale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for anxiety (HADS), and Hopkins symptom checklist [59].…”

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“…Fluoxietin is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) which is a great choice of drug for clinician in case of major depressive disorder and its trade name is Prozac. This is the first line of defence for the treatment of major depressive disorder 36 . In Fig.…”

Characterizing Hotspots and Frontier Landscapes of Diabetes-Specific Distress from 2000 to 2018: A Bibliometric Study

“…Fortunately, the association between diabetes-related psychological disorders and prognosis of diabetes has been widely studied during the past 30 years [10][11][12]. However, research on diabetes-related psychological disorders has been mostly restricted to anxiety and depression [13][14][15]. Previous studies mostly defined "diabetes-specific distress" as a diabetes-specific psychological dysfunction, which covered much wider and deeper psychological and emotional experience than depression comorbidity for those who suffered from progressive diabetes and serious diabetic complications [16,17].…”