Anxiety and Depression as Risk Factors for Vasovagal Syncope and Potential Treatment Targets: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is a transient, sudden loss of consciousness followed by complete resolution, usually due to a paradoxical autonomic reaction that results in hypotension and/or bradycardia. In this study, we assessed the correlation between VVS and a patient's psychiatric status, as well as if this association could be a target in the treatment of those patients. We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched the available literature using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, with last access on July 21, 2022. The search resulted in 1691 articles, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to nine remaining articles, all of which were accepted after using the quality assessment tools, four observational and four randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Four of the included studies assessed the correlation among vasovagal syncope, psychosocial impairment, and quality of life. We found a consistent correlation among VVS, psychosocial impairment, and quality of life (QoL), meaning that VVS patients usually have some degree of psychosocial impairment, especially in the form of anxiety and depression, and a poorer QoL in comparison to their healthy counterparts. The use of psychotherapy and antidepressants was proven to be effective in VVS in RCTs, but further evidence is needed.

Advances in Treating Vasovagal Neurocardiogenic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Medical Interventions

“…Orthostatic training (or tilt training) is a non-pharmacological approach entailing postural training performed via multiple orthostatic sessions (Gajek et al, 2006). Management of the syndrome focuses mainly on behavioral care, such as avoiding and controlling the settings and situations that can trigger it (Abuzainah et al, 2022). In addition, aerobic physical training (APT), a supervised physical training program, can be employed.…”