Anxiety and Depression Are Not Related to Increasing Levels of Burden and Stress in Caregivers of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

Tentorio, Tiziana; Dentali, Sharon; Moioli, Camilla; Zuffi, Marta; Marzullo, Rosy; Castiglioni, S.; Franceschi, M.

doi:10.1177/1533317519899544

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…However, in bivariate analysis, the onset rate of severe cognitive impairment was the highest in this group, which contradicts the convergent evidence that cognitive impairment is common when living with a depressed CG 26,32,37 . One possible explanation is CGs in “decreasing” group demonstrated a higher level of depressive symptoms when starting the caregiving task, but later they might positively cope with stress and successfully manage to reduce the depressive symptoms 52,53 . Another plausible but untested explanation involves caregiving stages.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…26,32,37 One possible explanation is CGs in "decreasing" group demonstrated a higher level of depressive symptoms when starting the caregiving task, but later they might positively cope with stress and successfully manage to reduce the depressive symptoms. 52,53 Another plausible but untested explanation involves caregiving stages. As dementia progresses, CRs require more help from formal caregiving networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caregivers' depressive symptom trajectories and risk of cognitive impairment among older adults with functional limitations: A prospective cohort study

Lou¹,

Jiang

2022

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives: Caregiver (CG)'s depression is common and its prevalence is rising. The relationship of CG depression with care recipients (CR)'s subsequent cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study examines the association of CG depressive symptoms trajectories with 6-year cognitive impairment risk among care recipients (CR) who are older adults with functional limitations.Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data cohorts from 2010 to 2016. The sample included 810 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥75 years, dementia free at baseline, with their primary caregiver dyads. CG's depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The main outcomes were incident mild, moderate, and severe cognitive impairment of CRs measured using Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire.Group-based trajectory modeling identified three CG depressive symptom trajectory groups. Competing risks regression analysis modeled the hazards as a function of CG depressive symptom trajectories.Results: Of 810 CRs, 3% developed severe cognitive impairment, 21% had moderate cognitive impairment, and 37% had mild cognitive impairment. Only CG's "Increasing" trajectory group predicted increased risk of CR's mild and moderate cognitive impairment relative to "persistently low" group (subhazard ratio[SHR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI], p < 0.05; SHR = 1.87, 95% CI, p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions and Implications:Finding highlight the intricate and non-linear association between CG depressive trajectory and CR cognitive impairment. This evidence can be used to enlighten policymakers and health providers about the need for risk stratification screening for CG mental health and early treatment for CG depression to prevent or delay CR's cognitive impairment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregivers' depressive symptom trajectories and risk of cognitive impairment among older adults with functional limitations: A prospective cohort study

Lou¹,

Jiang

2022

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…Scherer et al (2019) where they reported that anxiety increased with age because of long-term caregiving and deterioration of primary caregivers' mental health. However, over the years of caregiving, age has shown to be a protective factor in reducing the impact of caregiving on mental health (Tentorio et al, 2020). This may be due to the fact that primary caregivers are more aware and educated on the knowledge of the child's condition and over time, resilience grows (Tentorio et al, 2020).…”

Section: Impact Of Demographic Factors On Depression Anxiety and Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, over the years of caregiving, age has shown to be a protective factor in reducing the impact of caregiving on mental health (Tentorio et al, 2020). This may be due to the fact that primary caregivers are more aware and educated on the knowledge of the child's condition and over time, resilience grows (Tentorio et al, 2020). They also learnt to prioritize and pay attention towards their emotional support and individual needs.…”

Section: Impact Of Demographic Factors On Depression Anxiety and Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Well-being among Primary Caregivers of Children with Invisible Disabilities in Sri Lanka

Mohamed

Silva

2022

SLIIT J. Hum. & Sci.

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Caring for a child with invisible disabilities such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, speech impairments, and learning difficulties can be fulfilling whilst challenging the caregiver's psychological well-being. As these children require special support and a diligent caregiving environment to thrive, primary caregivers have to take on additional roles to provide extra support for children with invisible disabilities while accommodating their professional and personal lives through the process. This research therefore analyzed psychological well-being related depression, anxiety, and stress between primary caregivers of children with invisible disabilities and primary caregivers of typically developing children in Sri Lanka. Data was gathered through an online survey of a sample of 75 primary caregivers between the ages of 23 -56 years, which included 38 primary caregivers of children with invisible disabilities and 37 primary caregivers of typically developing children. The DASS-21 was administered to measure depression, anxiety, and stress. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean between the two groups of caregivers. The results confirmed that there is no significant difference in the levels of depression , anxiety and stress between primary caregivers of children with invisible disabilities and primary caregivers of typically developing children. The implications of this study suggest, with the right support and experience, anxiety may reduce in primary caregivers. The necessity to pay attention and provide more social and family support to enhance the psychological well-being of caregivers can improve their efficiency in caregiving.

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“…There are many studies about CB in different diseases. It can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer and somatic morbidity [5]. In addition, it is well known that CB can also affect patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of caregiver burden and depression in caregivers of palliative care patients in the emergency department

Başol¹,

Yilmaz²,

Altın³

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Palliative care (PC) is comprehensive care that includes not only patients but also families. In Turkish culture most caregivers consist of families. Caregiver burden (CB) is a serious problem which can lead to worsening of the quality of care. The aim of the study is evaluation of CB, depression and possible causes of these conditions.Material and methods: Demographic information, follow-up in PC units, diagnosis and duration of disease of their patients and the outcome of follow-up in the emergency department (ED) (discharge, clinical or intensive care unit hospitalization, death) were collected in forms from all caregivers who have PC patients in the ED. Additionally, the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) were applied to the patients. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI) was used to evaluate the burden levels of caregivers. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to determine depressive symptoms.Results: Fourty four (57.1%) females and 33 (42.9%) males were included in the study. The mean BDI score was 21.68 ±12.6 points, while the mean ZCBI score was 45.70 ±16.5. A moderately statistically significant relationship was found between the BDI and ZCBI score (r -0.337, p -0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between BDI and ZCBI scores of caregivers according to KPS scores of patients (p -0.243 and p -0.304). Conclusions:The palliative care team should be aware of CB for caregivers of PC patients. Early detection of factors can be vital for preventing CB and possible development of depression.

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Anxiety and Depression Are Not Related to Increasing Levels of Burden and Stress in Caregivers of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Caregivers' depressive symptom trajectories and risk of cognitive impairment among older adults with functional limitations: A prospective cohort study

Caregivers' depressive symptom trajectories and risk of cognitive impairment among older adults with functional limitations: A prospective cohort study

Psychological Well-being among Primary Caregivers of Children with Invisible Disabilities in Sri Lanka

Evaluation of caregiver burden and depression in caregivers of palliative care patients in the emergency department

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