Anxiety and depression among Egyptians during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross sectional study

Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the General Population in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Among the demographic characteristics of the respondents, older age (≥65 years) was associated with a decrease in depression or depressive symptoms ( 34 , 80 ) ( 35 , 45 , 59 , 81 , 94 ), while another study reported greater depression among middle-aged people (45–65 years) ( 58 ). The prevalence of depression was significantly higher among females than males ( 27 , 28 , 31 , 34 , 35 , 43 – 50 , 59 , 60 , 63 , 72 , 79 , 81 , 94 , 99 ).…”

“…Among the demographic characteristics of the respondents, older age (≥65 years) was associated with a decrease in depression or depressive symptoms ( 34 , 80 ) ( 35 , 45 , 59 , 81 , 94 ), while another study reported greater depression among middle-aged people (45–65 years) ( 58 ). The prevalence of depression was significantly higher among females than males ( 27 , 28 , 31 , 34 , 35 , 43 – 50 , 59 , 60 , 63 , 72 , 79 , 81 , 94 , 99 ). Marital status (i.e., being single, widowed, divorced, or separated) ( 59 , 67 , 79 ), living alone without family or having a lack of emotional support from family and society ( 71 , 97 ) ( 45 , 46 ), family size ≥ 3 ( 48 , 49 ) and living in an urban area ( 31 , 32 , 69 ) were found to significantly increase depression, with the exception of two studies ( 47 , 60 ) which indicated that married people were more than three times as likely to experience depression ( p < 0.05).…”

“…Sex was the most reported demographic variable. Most studies indicated higher levels of anxiety among females compared to males ( 27 , 28 , 30 , 35 , 43 , 45 – 50 , 54 , 59 , 60 , 63 , 68 – 70 , 72 , 73 , 75 , 81 , 83 , 94 , 95 ) with the exception of one study which demonstrated an association between anxiety and being male ( 38 ). Urban residency ( 52 , 62 , 69 , 81 , 83 ), living alone (without family) and lower family income or socioeconomic status were also identified as risk factors for anxiety ( 35 , 44 , 48 , 49 , 69 ).…”

“…Marital status (i.e., being single, widowed, divorced, or separated) ( 59 , 67 , 79 ), living alone without family or having a lack of emotional support from family and society ( 71 , 97 ) ( 45 , 46 ), family size ≥ 3 ( 48 , 49 ) and living in an urban area ( 31 , 32 , 69 ) were found to significantly increase depression, with the exception of two studies ( 47 , 60 ) which indicated that married people were more than three times as likely to experience depression ( p < 0.05). Higher educational level and professional qualification were found to significantly increase depression ( 29 , 31 , 49 , 59 , 60 , 69 ) with the exception of one study, which indicated higher depressive symptoms among non-educated people with disability (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.12–5.90) ( 67 ). Unemployment (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.32–5.11) ( 67 ) and low socioeconomic status significantly influenced the prevalence of depressive symptoms ( 35 , 48 , 49 , 57 , 69 ).…”

The Effect of COVID-19 Safety Protocols on Hospital Workers’ Mental Health: A Moderated-Mediation Model of COVID-19 Anxiety and Psychological Resilience

“…The human mind entertains hopes and situations which, when positively interpreted, can eliminate anxiety. COVID-19 is a dangerous disease that occurred in 2019 and impacted the whole world with depression and anxiety [ 36 ]. Hagan et al analyzed the mandate of vaccines as a safety measure and protocol during COVID-19 among hospital workers in a social justice policy [ 37 ].…”