Antropological measurement of education in creative heritage of Ukrainian pedagogical guides

Abstract

The article generalizes the main anthropological positions in the views on the educational process, which are disclosed in the creative heritage of Ukrainian pedagogues-guides K. Ushinsky, A. Makarenko and V. Sukhomlinsky. K. Ushinsky drew attention to the problems of human cognition, the analysis of anthropological, physical, psychological factors of education, the position of man as a part of nature, the need for activity, labor, physical activity. His ideas have not lost their value in the present and should be taken into account in the current conditions of the development of the Ukrainian state and the affirmation of national values. The main features of Makarenko pedagogy should be considered: the dialectical combination and separation of teaching methods from the methodology of education; the unity of education and training of children, the unity of education and life of children, the combination of studying the basic sciences in a secondary school with productive labor; a full-fledged team as a necessary condition for the most complete development of abilities and personality freedoms, a well thought-out system of measures focused on the formation of conscious discipline, new sections of theoretical pedagogy such as pedagogical technology, pedagogical logic, the theory of perspectives, the theory of style and tone of education, the theory of parallel pedagogical action, pedagogy of collective education, which enriches pedagogical anthropology and proves the leadership format of his activity. Sources of pedagogical creativity of V. Sukhomlynsky were classical humanistic heritage, folk pedagogy, advanced pedagogical experience, and the principles of its pedagogical system should be considered development of the ideal of cultural desires of the child (needs in labor, in the creation of goodness, beauty); creating for her “joy of being” and the atmosphere of childhood success, the predominance of positive experiences over negative – the existential conditions that correspond to the nature of the person who learns. It was established that scientists tried to determine the subject of pedagogy and the essence of education; considerable attention was paid to the educational work of the collective as a spiritual environment; the question of the correlation of biological and social. It is proved that the creativity of the outstanding teachers is filled with the views of democracy, humanism, patriotism in the upbringing of the younger generation, focused on the future and better in man, which confirms the leadership format of their activities. Keywords: leadership, anthropologism, humanism, patriotism, dialecticism, synergetics, empathy, anthropological reflection.