Antonovsky’s sense of coherence and resistance resources reduce perception of burden in family carers of people with Alzheimer’s disease

Turró‐Garriga, Oriol; Conde-Sala, Josep Lluís; Viñas, Vanesa; Turon-Estrada, Antoni; Cullell-Juncà, Marta; Calvó-Perxas, Laia; Juvinyà‐Canal, Dolors; Mioshi, Eneida; Garré-Olmo, Josep

doi:10.1080/13607863.2019.1667297

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Perceived social support may contribute to strengthen SOC, but a higher SOC may also turn an individual more prone to seek emotional support and even acknowledge it. This finding aligns with literature on the importance of emotional support for personal strength and ability to cope, 1,7,14,39 that is, SOC 15,22,40 . The associations between SOC, distress, past psychiatric morbidity and social support (namely its emotional component) may reflect reciprocal effects: SOC may protect from distress, and distress may endanger SOC levels, while emotional support helps to strengthen SOC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In our analyses, we focused on how SOC may influence critical outcomes of caregiving, and in turn, what characteristics of caregivers and the patients they are caring for might affect levels of SOC. Consistent with theoretical models 17 and previous research, 18,22,34 we considered SOC as an important resource for managing the often demanding pressures in dementia care. We found higher SOC to be significantly associated with lower psychological distress scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…So far, this may be better accomplished by brief clinical interviewing, informed by the recognition of SOC dimensions, than by applying the SOC questionnaire itself. The SOC concept could be implemented as a systematic perspective in professionals' practice, changing the focus from problems to resources 15,22 . Furthermore, these resourceful caregivers may be most helpful as role models or ‘co‐therapists’ in groups for relatives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It might be that comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness could be decisive to personal growth and finding meaning 10 even in the face of adversity. Despite recent contributions, 22 further studies are needed to inform gaps in our knowledge about how SOC might influence health and psychosocial outcomes in dementia caregiving, including the positive experiences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Positive and negative experiences of caregiving in dementia: The role of sense of coherence

Gonçalves‐Pereira

Zarit

Papoila

et al. 2020

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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ObjectivesSense of coherence (SOC) is increasingly recognized as an important health determinant, particularly for mental health. Part of the evidence comes from informal caregivers in diverse clinical conditions. The extent to which SOC influences caregiving outcomes, however, is relatively under‐researched in dementia, particularly regarding positive experiences. We analysed the association of SOC with dementia caregivers' subjective burden, psychological distress and positive aspects of care.Methods/DesignThis is a secondary analysis of cross‐sectional data from the Lisbon study of Families of Persons with Dementia, involving a convenience sample of 99 primary caregivers of community‐dwelling patients of neurology and psychiatry services. SOC was assessed with the Orientation for Life Scale. Measures of caregivers' outcomes were: the Zarit Burden Interview, the General Health Questionnaire for psychological distress and the Positive Aspects of Caregiving scale. Analyses controlled for demographics, caregiving arrangements, objective burden, social support, patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms and dementia stage.ResultsLower SOC was associated with higher psychological distress (p = 0.001). No significant associations were found for subjective burden (p = 0.081) or positive aspects of caregiving (p = 0.688). Additional analyses showed that lower SOC was associated with less emotional support (p < 0.001) and past psychiatric illness (p = 0.044).ConclusionsThese findings support previous research suggesting that SOC is protective for psychological distress, and extend evidence to the positive aspects of care in dementia. The cross‐sectional design and small‐scale convenience sampling preclude both causality presumptions and generalizability. SOC assessments may be useful to define subgroups of dementia caregivers at risk for anxiety and depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Positive and negative experiences of caregiving in dementia: The role of sense of coherence

Gonçalves‐Pereira

Zarit

Papoila

et al. 2020

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…The reductions in costs are not due to caregivers with a better SOC not using social care resources, but are due to the SOC in caregivers allowing them to use the resource better. At the same time, handling the situation more efficiently reinforces self-esteem and self-efficacy perceptions that increase carers' sense of coherence [48].…”

Section: Implications Of Sense Of Coherence In Dementia Care Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregivers’ Sense of Coherence: Implications on Direct and Indirect Costs of Dementia Care

Turró‐Garriga

Viñas-Diez

Conde-Sala

et al. 2020

JAD

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Background: Dementia care is associated with physical, emotional, and monetary impact on the informal carers providing unpaid care. Differences in the personal characteristics of caregivers may help explain the variations in the costs of dementia care. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of caregivers’ sense of coherence (SOC) on direct and indirect costs in dementia care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in community dwelling caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Data of healthcare services were obtained from clinical registries, and information was collected from caregivers regarding their use of social care resources and time spent caregiving. The transformation of all costs into Euros was made assigning a fixed cost of 10.29 € /h and 16.24 € /h for assisting in instrumental and basic activities of daily living, respectively. Caregivers’ SOC was assessed using the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ-13). Adjusted regression models were developed, with different types of costs as dependent variables. Results: A sample of 147 caregivers was recruited. The mean OLQ-13 score was 73.3 points (SD = 11.6). The regression models showed a small association between caregivers’ SOC and direct costs, mainly linked to the use of social care resources (r2 = 0.429; β= –15.6 € /month), and a greater association between SOC and indirect costs (r2 = 0.562; β= –222.3 € /month). Conclusion: Increasing caregivers’ SOC could reduce dementia care costs by decreasing the use of social care resources and caregiving time.

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Longitudinal effect of dementia carers' sense of coherence on burden

Conde‐Sala

Calvó-Perxas

Cullell-Juncà

et al. 2022

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Background: A sense of coherence (SOC) could help us better understand why there are individuals who cope better than others in similar situations. The study aimed to assess the effect of SOC on the course of burden reports in relatives of persons with dementia. Methods:This was a prospective cohort study of 156 dementia carers. The SOC was assessed by the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ-13), burden by Burden Interview, and personal and contextual characteristics were collected via ad hoc questions. The main dementia symptoms, including functional difficulties (Disability Assessment for Dementia), neuropsychiatric symptoms (Neuropsychiatric Inventory), and cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination), were also assessed. A general linear model was adjusted to determine the effect of SOC and other covariates on burden throughout the follow-up. Burden differences between baseline and 12 and 24 months were analysed, and the baseline OLQ-13 score was grouped by quartiles. Results:The global burden reported increased after 24 months (F = 9.98; df = 2; p < 0.001), but not equally for all carers; daughters reported the greatest increase. SOC, functional disability, and neuropsychiatric disorders showed a significant effect on burden, but time did not. Carers with higher SOC at baseline tend to remain with lower burden levels, whereas carers with low SOC reported higher burden at each visit. Conclusions:This study reports evidence of the effect of SOC on burden at baseline, 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Burden scores differ by carers' SOC; those with higher SOC showed lower burden levels, whereas the low-SOC group reported a greater burden at each visit.

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Antonovsky’s sense of coherence and resistance resources reduce perception of burden in family carers of people with Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract: Pousa for their support in recruitment and their enthusiastic commitment in this study.

Cited by 13 publications

References 72 publications

Positive and negative experiences of caregiving in dementia: The role of sense of coherence

Positive and negative experiences of caregiving in dementia: The role of sense of coherence

Caregivers’ Sense of Coherence: Implications on Direct and Indirect Costs of Dementia Care

Longitudinal effect of dementia carers' sense of coherence on burden

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