Antonio Gaudí, precursor de la sostenibilidad y la biomimética en la arquitectura, con 100 años de antelación

Abstract

Sustainability in architecture is one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century. In biomimetic architecture, nature is the model of choice in the quest for sustainability; because it shows us the most environmentally friendly and sustainable models developed over 3.8 billion years of evolution. Antonio Gaudí said that: "The architect of the future will build imitating nature, for it is the most rational, long-lasting, and economical of all methods". Gaudí, taking nature as his model, optimises his buildings bioclimatically; he widely uses bricks and tiles-the cheapest materials at the time-, he uses local stone, and he takes advantage of waste materials or debris, and optimises the structural design of his buildings. Methodology To assess Gaudís' contributions to sustainability in architecture today, his most significant works have been studied, and bibliographical records have been made of the systems developed by Gaudí to enhance the performance of his buildings in the three fields of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social. Conclusions Gaudí was a great forerunner of sustainability and biomimicry in architecture, and teaches us that buildings conceived as "machines for living"-by the great architect Le Corbusier-can evolve and become "ecosystems in which to live". Originality Gaudís' great artistic and creative talent has been assessed together with his innovative architectural style and his technical and structural innovations; however, his role as a forerunner of sustainability in architecture has not been studied.

Biomimetic Facade Design Proposal to Improving Thermal Comfort in Hot Climate Region

“…The evidence found in nature shows nature's evolution, adaptation, and development and is used as a resource in solving design problems. Antonio Gaudi, one of the architects who took nature as a model for himself, emphasized the importance of turning towards nature: "The architecture of the future will be built by imitating nature because this is the most rational, long-lasting and economical of all methods" (Mirat et al, 2018). With its numerous systems, nature offers a database of solutions to many problems.…”

The Application of Biomimetics and Architectural Skin as a Sustainable Strategy

“…As defined by the concept's name, this type of building Focusing on buildings created by different types of animals (such as nests and caves), they have been used as imitation objects in architectural design. As Salas mentioned; Bedoya & Argilés [4]; When it is sought to design a building that responds to environmental threats in the same way as nature, other foundations of design are more important than nature itself. Comparing two important concepts used in architectural design, the first concept mentioned is "biomorphology", which is only an attempt to imitate the aesthetic factors found in plant and animal species in nature.…”