Antlerogenic stem cells: molecular features and potential in rabbit bone regeneration

Dabrowska, N.; Kiełbowicz, Zdzisław; Nowacki, Wojciech; Bajzert, Joanna; Reichert, Paweł; Bieżyński, Janusz; Żebrowski, Jacek; Haczkiewicz, Katarzyna; Cegielski, Marek

doi:10.3109/03008207.2015.1045139

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…CD9, an ESC marker, was defined as a surface marker of the AS cells in the previous studies 6,41 . We also detected its expression in all three types of AS cells in this study (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deer antler stem cells are a novel type of cells that sustain full regeneration of a mammalian organ—deer antler

Wang

Berg

et al. 2019

Cell Death Dis

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Deer antlers are extraordinary mammalian organs that can fully regenerate annually. Antler renewal is a stem cell-based epimorphic process and antler stem (AS) cells can initiate de novo generation of antlers in postnatal mammals. However, although being called stem cells, the AS cells have not been characterized at molecular level based on the stem cell criteria. Comprehensive characterization of the AS cells would undoubtedly help to decipher the mechanism underlying the full regeneration of deer antlers, the only case of stem cell-based epimorphic regeneration in mammals. In the present study, three types of AS cells (antlerogenic periosteal cells APCs, for initial pedicle and first antler formation; pedicle periosteal cells PPC, for annual antler regeneration; and reserve mesenchyme cells RMCs, for rapid antler growth), were isolated for comprehensive molecular characterization. A horn-growth-related gene, RXFP2, was found to be expressed only in AS cells lineages but not in the facial periosteal cells (FPCs, locates geographically in the vicinity of the APCs or PPCs), suggesting the RXFP2 might be a specific marker for the AS cell lineage in deer. Our results demonstrated that AS cells expressed classic MSC markers including surface markers CD73, CD90, CD105 and Stro-1. They also expressed some of the markers including Tert, Nestin, S100A4, nucleostemin and C-Myc, suggesting that they have some attributes of the ESCs. Microinjection of male APC into deer blastocysts resulted in one female foetus (110 days gestation) recovered with obvious pedicle primordia with both male and female genotype detected in the ovary. In conclusion, the AS cells should be defined as MSCs but with partial attributes of ESCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deer antler stem cells are a novel type of cells that sustain full regeneration of a mammalian organ—deer antler

Wang

Berg

et al. 2019

Cell Death Dis

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“…Studies on a canine model using a purified form of the ASC homogenate showed a significant improvement in the biophysical properties of the skin in the healing regions; moreover, in experimental group there was significantly better hydration of the stratum corneum than in placebo group (glycerol and PBS solution) or in group without any treatment [ 26 ]. In rabbits, MIC-1 cells were used to regenerate auricular cartilage [ 33 ] and bone tissue [ 27 ]. All of the above-mentioned application studies, regardless of the route of administration, did not show any side effects or cytotoxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Revitacell contains stem cells homogenate derived from the deer antler stem cell line MIC-1 (listed in CosIng Cosmetic Ingredient Database as: “Deer antler cell extract”) [ 25 ]. Full characteristic of MIC-1 cell line is described by Cegielski et al and Dąbrowska et al [ 25 , 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antlerogenic stem cells extract accelerate chronic wound healing: a preliminary study

Kmiecik¹,

Kulus

Popiel

et al. 2021

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background Chronic wounds constitute a significant medical and social problem. Chronic wound treatment may be supported by various techniques, such as negative pressure therapy, phototherapy or stem cells therapy, yet most of those supporting therapies need more evidence to be used for standard wound care. Current study covers the use of sonicated Antlerogenic Stem Cells (ASC) extract on chronic wounds. Methods Study was performed on 20 dermatological patients with venous leg ulcers, divided into two groups – treated with and without ASC extract respectively. The area and circumference of the wounds during the follow-up visits were measured on the wound imprint. Dynamics of wound healing was determined and compared between control and study group; statistics includes changes in absolute values (wound area, circumference), as well as relative (percentage of wound decrease, circumference/area ratio) and their change in time. For the purpose of Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining, sections were sampled from the wound edge at distinct check-points during therapy. Results of both groups were compared with Student test or Mann-Whitney test, depending on results distribution. Results Besides Ki-67 expression, all tested wound healing parameters (including relative and absolute wound decrease and changes in circumference/area ratio) were statistically significant more favorable in experimental group. Conclusion ASC extract significantly supported standard chronic wound treatment. Due to small population of study the results should be considered preliminary, yet promising for further research.

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“…CD9 is a cell surface marker and expresses in ASCs. 9,16 The lineage fidelity of the established ASCs lines was monitored using marker CD9 via flow cytometry, which is described elsewhere. 17 Briefly, the primary cultured APCs, PPCs, and RMCs were incubated, respectively, with 5% goat serum to block nonspecific staining for 30 min, then with anti-CD9 antibody (LS-C46004; LifeSpan, USA) for 1 hr at 4C after wash with cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).…”

Section: Flow Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and Functional Analysis of Tumor-Related Factor S100A4 in Antler Stem Cells

Wang

Chu

Sun

et al. 2017

J Histochem Cytochem.

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Annual antler renewal is a stem cell-based epimorphic process driven by antler stem cells (ASCs) resident in antlerogenic periosteum (AP). Antlerogenic periosteal cells express a high level of S100A4, a metastasis-associated protein, which intrigued us to explore what role S100A4 could play in antler regeneration. The present study set out to investigate expression and effects of S100A4 in the ASCs and their progeny. The results showed that not only did cells from the AP express a high level of S100A4, but also the pedicle periosteum and the antler growth center. In the antler growth center, we found S100A4-positive cells were specifically located in blood vessel walls and in vascularized areas. In vitro, recombinant deer S100A4 protein stimulated the proliferation of the AP cells, promoted proliferation, migration and tube formation of human vascular endothelial cells, and enhanced migration of Hela cells, but not AP cells. These findings demonstrated that S100A4 in the ASCs may play a significant role in stimulating angiogenesis, proliferation, but not motility, of ASCs. Deer antlers offer a unique model to explore how rapid cell proliferation with a high level of S100A4 expression is elegantly regulated without becoming cancerous.

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Antlerogenic stem cells: molecular features and potential in rabbit bone regeneration

Abstract: Our findings indicate that the use of both antlerogenic stem cell implants and the preparations derived from the cells offer alternative approaches to those based on autologous stem cells in the biological stimulation of osteogenesis and in bone regeneration.

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Deer antler stem cells are a novel type of cells that sustain full regeneration of a mammalian organ—deer antler

Deer antler stem cells are a novel type of cells that sustain full regeneration of a mammalian organ—deer antler

Antlerogenic stem cells extract accelerate chronic wound healing: a preliminary study

Expression and Functional Analysis of Tumor-Related Factor S100A4 in Antler Stem Cells

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