Antler velvet is thicker in adult than in yearling pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus): a histological study

Bielli, Alejandro; Freitas‐de‐Melo, Aline; Genovese, P.; Villagrán, Matías; Ungerfeld, Rodolfo

doi:10.5603/fm.a2016.0071

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As it was stated, antlers grow very fast (Price et al, 2005), in close association with the AV, which has to grow at the same rate to cover the growing antler. The antler growth is highly controlled by the endocrine milieu (Bartoš et al, 2009), so this study reinforces the concept that the close interaction between the antler and the AV is controlled by similar mechanism, allowing the AV to reach very high growing rates considering that it is a typical skin tissue (Bielli et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In animals from a semi-captive population (Ungerfeld et al, 2008a), antler cast occurs in mid-winter, a bit earlier in males displaying their first antler cycle than in adults (Ungerfeld et al, 2008b). Antler weight/body weight rate is higher, and AV is thicker in adults than in yearling males, indicating that adults invest more resources in antler growth (Bielli et al, 2017;Ungerfeld et al, 2011). To further understand the possible roles of sex steroids in AV growth regulation, in the present study, we aimed to determine the presence, quantity and distribution of androgen receptor (AR) and oestrogen receptor (ER) in the AV collected from adult and yearling pampas deer males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Androgen and oestrogen receptors in the growing antlers velvet of adult and yearling pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) males

Bielli

Freitas‐de‐Melo

Genovese

et al. 2021

Anat Histol Embryol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deer males present an antler cycle, in which antlers cast and regrow every year. During the initial growth period, antlers are enveloped by soft velvet-like skin (antler velvet, AV), which remains in situ until antlers' growth and calcification end (Li, 2013). The whole period of antler growth occurs very fast, in some species even at rates of 2 cm/day (Price et al., 2005), with nerves growing through the velvet in close association with blood vessels in an environment rich in growth-promoting molecules. Soluble molecules secreted by the AV strongly promote neurite outgrowth (Pita-Thomas et al., 2010).Furthermore, it has been reported recently that AV fast growth

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen and oestrogen receptors in the growing antlers velvet of adult and yearling pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) males

Bielli

Freitas‐de‐Melo

Genovese

et al. 2021

Anat Histol Embryol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Formation, structure, and function of extra‐skeletal bones in mammals

Nasoori

2020

Biological Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review describes the formation, structure, and function of bony compartments in antlers, horns, ossicones, osteoderm and the os penis/os clitoris (collectively referred to herein as AHOOO structures) in extant mammals. AHOOOs are extra‐skeletal bones that originate from subcutaneous (dermal) tissues in a wide variety of mammals, and this review elaborates on the co‐development of the bone and skin in these structures. During foetal stages, primordial cells for the bony compartments arise in subcutaneous tissues. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition is assumed to play a key role in the differentiation of bone, cartilage, skin and other tissues in AHOOO structures. AHOOO ossification takes place after skeletal bone formation, and may depend on sexual maturity. Skin keratinization occurs in tandem with ossification and may be under the control of androgens. Both endochondral and intramembranous ossification participate in bony compartment formation. There is variation in gradients of density in different AHOOO structures. These gradients, which vary according to function and species, primarily reduce mechanical stress. Anchorage of AHOOOs to their surrounding tissues fortifies these structures and is accomplished by bone–bone fusion and Sharpey fibres. The presence of the integument is essential for the protection and function of the bony compartments. Three major functions can be attributed to AHOOOs: mechanical, visual, and thermoregulatory. This review provides the first extensive comparative description of the skeletal and integumentary systems of AHOOOs in a variety of mammals.

show abstract

Antler velvet is thicker in adult than in yearling pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus): a histological study

Abstract: (Folia Morphol 2017; 76, 2: 269-276)

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Androgen and oestrogen receptors in the growing antlers velvet of adult and yearling pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) males

Androgen and oestrogen receptors in the growing antlers velvet of adult and yearling pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) males

Formation, structure, and function of extra‐skeletal bones in mammals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About