Antixenosis and Antibiosis of Common Beans to Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Abstract

Antixenosis and antibiosis in the resistance of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to the melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny, were investigated under laboratory and field conditions. Experiments were conducted for four moderately resistant genotypes ('Brunca', BH-130, EMP 486, and FEB 115) in comparison with one susceptible genotype (APN 18). Multiple-choice tests recorded most thrips on EMP 486 and least on FEB 115. Dual-choice tests conducted in both laboratory and field confirmed the antixenotic effect of FEB 115 and the attractant effect of EMP 486 on thrips. These results demonstrate the significance of antixenosis in the resistance of common beans to T. palmi. Life-table studies showed significant differences in egg duration, immature and adult survivorship, female body length and longevity, daily oviposition rate, and total fecundity among the bean genotypes. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) and its associated population parameters varied significantly with the bean genotype on which T. palmi cohorts were reared. Based on mean r(m) values, the five bean genotypes can be divided into two groups, with BH-130 and 'Brunca' being less favorable for the population growth of thrips than EMP 486 and FEB 115; the latter were comparable to the susceptible genotype APN 18. These life-table results indicate the role of antibiosis in enhancing the resistance of common beans to T. palmi.

Fecundity and development rate of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L) (Hom.: Aphididae) on six wheat cultivars

“…So, a further understanding of biology and life history traits of a pest on host cultivars is essential for the development of effective management strategies. These parameters provide the population growth rate of an insect pest in the current and next generations (Frel et al 2003). Therefore, local studies on aphid biology on different cultivars are necessary to provide information in order to improve the aphid management and cultivar fitness under related environment conditions (Xia et al 1999;Razmjou et al 2006).…”

“…For accurate decision-making in IPM, it is also necessary to determine the pest population growth parameters on different hosts and cultivars. Thus, the life table technique represents one measure normally used to evaluate the fitness and the level of plant resistance to aphids and other pests (Foster et al 1988;Robinson et al 1991;Hesler et al 1999;Tsai & Wang 2001;Satar & Yokomi 2002;Frel et al 2003;Razmjou et al 2006;Silva et al 2006).…”

Common bean breeding for resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses: From classical to MAS breeding

“…Damage is caused by adults and larvae feeding on the leaves and growing tips of the plants and is visible on leaf ribs first, with foliage becoming silvery, leaves drying and drastic reduction in the number and size of pods under severe infection, affecting seed yield severely (Frei et al, 2003). As a result of population explosions of the insect, this pest can decimate susceptible bean genotypes and result in total harvest loss.…”

“…Only a few mostly small-seeded Mesoamerican genotypes were found to have partial resistance or tolerance to the pest and resistance was not associated with maturity, growth habit, pubescence or seed color. In two further studies, Frei et al (2003Frei et al ( , 2004 found that resistance was due to a mix of tolerance as in the case of EMP 486, antixenosis as in the case of FEB 115 or combined resistance mechanisms including antibiosis for immature and adult survivorship and female longevity and total fecundity as in the case of Brunca (BAT 304), a released cultivar in Costa Rica and Cuba. In parallel, Frei et al (2005) studied the inheritance of resistance in a recombinant inbred line population derived from the cross of BAT 881 × G 21212.…”

Biological Studies and Pest Management of Phytophagous Mites in South America

“…Tello et al (2009) Control strategies: most efforts to control pest population densities under threshold levels have relied on chemical tactics; however, particular attention has been paid to other management strategies in last decades, including resistant cultivars. So far, kidney bean has shown moderate resistance to other arthropod pests such as thrips (Cardona et al 2002) and it seems to be based on antixenosis and antibiosis mechanisms (Frei et al 2003). In general, these defense mechanisms are considered plant responses to stressing conditions either abiotic (drought, salinity) or biotic (herbivore or pathogens attacks), which induce the development of physical barriers to prevent feeding or secondary metabolites affecting oviposition or survival (Tomczyk & Krompczyńska 1985, Gardner & Agrawal 2002.…”