Antivirals for COVID-19

Srinivas, Pavithra; Sacha, Gretchen L.; Koval, Christine

doi:10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc030

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Viral load, virulence, immune response, therapeutic regimen are the main factors that affect the duration of viral shedding [22][23][24][25][26]. However, so far, there is no report of any clinically approved antiviral drugs that are effective against COVID-19 [27][28][29]. In addition, our results displayed no signi cant difference in treatment strategy or the interval from symptoms to admission between the imported and non-imported groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Clinical Features and Outcomes in Imported and Non-Imported Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective, Multi-centre, Descriptive Study

Wang

Yuan

Chen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Global outbreak of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) continues to constitute a public health emergency of international concern. However, few studies have directly compared the differences of clinical features and outcomes between imported and non-imported COVID-19 patients. We aimed to directly compare the differences of clinical features and outcomes between imported and non-imported COVID-19 patients.Methods: we enrolled 275 patients (53 imported and 222 non-imported cases) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from four designated hospitals in Chongqing, China. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were collected and analyzed. Independent samples t- test, Mann- Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test,χ2 test, or Fisher’s exact test were adopted to compare the difference between imported and non-imported groups where appropriateResults: The imported group had a higher proportion of asymptomatic patients (18.9% vs. 3.8%, p=0.016), lower lymphocyte count (1.1×109/L vs. 1.5×109 /L, p=0.018), higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (2.6 vs. 2.3, p=0.0237), higher proportion of CD4+ T cells reduction (70% vs. 44.6%, p=0.043), longer duration of viral shedding (20 days vs. 18 days, p = 0.0416) than the non-imported group. The symptomatic non-imported group had a lower lymphocyte count (1.3×109/L vs. 1.6×109 /L, p=0.003), lower CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, longer viral shedding (20 days vs.13 days, p< 0.001) and hospital stay (17 days vs.14 days, p=0.015) than the asymptomatic non-imported group. Furthermore, when compared with imported group, asymptomatic non-imported group showed higher lymphocyte count (1.6×109/L vs. 1.1×109 /L, p< 0.001) and CD4+ T cells(567 vs.375, p=0.029), while the symptomatic non-imported group showed no difference in lymphocyte count, CD4+ or CD8+ T cells (p ≥ 0.0894).Conclusion: Our results indicated that when compared with imported patients, damage to the immune system by SARS-Cov-2 in non-imported patients was milder, and this might be mainly due to its higher asymptomatic proportion.Clinical trial registration: ChiCTR2000033980. Registered 19 June 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http:// www.chictr.org.cn.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Clinical Features and Outcomes in Imported and Non-Imported Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective, Multi-centre, Descriptive Study

Wang

Yuan

Chen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…It is not known for certain whether the metabolites generated are able to enter breast milk. If it is necessary to use umifenovir during this period, it is recommended to stop breastfeeding ( Table 1 ) 43 .…”

Section: Umifenovirmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Treatment: Drug Safety Prior to Conception and During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Cavalcante

Braga

et al. 2021

Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd

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In December 2019, a new viral respiratory infection known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in the city of Wuhan, China. COVID-19 quickly spread across the world, leading the World Health Organization to declare it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a similar virus to those involved in other epidemics such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Epidemiological studies have shown that COVID-19 frequently affects young adults of reproductive age and that the elderly and patients with chronic disease have high mortality rates. Little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and breastfeeding. Most COVID-19 cases present with mild flu-like symptoms and only require treatment with symptomatic relief medications, whereas other cases with COVID-19 require treatment in an intensive care unit. There is currently no specific effective treatment for COVID-19. A large number of drugs are being used to fight infection by SARS-CoV-2. Experience with this therapeutic arsenal has been gained over the years in the treatment of other viral, autoimmune, parasitic, and bacterial diseases. Importantly, the search for an effective treatment for COVID-19 cannot expose pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 to the potential teratogenic risks of these drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to determine and understand the safety of anti-COVID-19 therapies prior to conception and during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

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“…Hence, these drugs are often explored further for drug repurposing against the successful inhibition of COVID-19 [90]. A randomized controlled experiment of lopinavir/ritonavir showed no visible clinical or virologic benefit, and drug-drug interactions and consequences further limit its utility [91]. Oseltamivir demonstrated limited activity against SARS-CoV-2 [91].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Das

2020

Ind J Clin Biochem

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Since the beginning of this century, beta coronaviruses (CoV) have caused three zoonotic outbreaks. However, little is currently known about the biology of the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019. There is a spectrum of clinical features from mild to severe life threatening disease with major complications like severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury and septic shock. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes polyproteins, four structural proteins and six accessory proteins. SARS-CoV-2 tends to utilize Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of various mammals. The imbalance between ACE/Ang II/AT1R pathway and ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor pathway in the renin-angiotensin system leads to multi-system inflammation. The early symptoms of COVID-19 pneumonia are low to midgrade fever, dry cough and fatigue. Vigilant screening is important. The diagnosis of COVID-19 should be based on imaging findings along with epidemiological history and nucleic acid detection. Isolation and quarantine of suspected cases is recommended. Management is primarily supportive, with newer antiviral drugs/vaccines under investigation. Keywords Angiotensin Á Angiotensin converting enzyme Á Chloroquine Á Corona virus Á COVID-19 Á Cytokine storm Á RNA-dependent Á RNA polymerase Á Spike protein Á SARS-CoV2

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Antivirals for COVID-19

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Clinical Features and Outcomes in Imported and Non-Imported Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective, Multi-centre, Descriptive Study

Clinical Features and Outcomes in Imported and Non-Imported Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective, Multi-centre, Descriptive Study

COVID-19 Treatment: Drug Safety Prior to Conception and During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

The Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

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