Antiviral Response in the Nasopharynx Identifies Patients With Respiratory Virus Infection

Landry, Marie L.; Foxman, Ellen F.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jix648

Cited by 46 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The accession number for the nasal and bronchial RNA-seq experiments, which were performed at the same time, is GEO: GSE117884. Nasal data was also cited previously as GEO: GSE107898 ( Landry and Foxman, 2018 ).…”

Section: Star⋆methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Differences in Airway Epithelial Cells Reveal Tradeoff between Defense against Oxidative Stress and Defense against Rhinovirus

et al. 2018

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SUMMARY Rhinovirus is a leading cause of acute respiratory infections and asthma attacks, but infections are also frequently cleared from the nasal mucosa without causing symptoms. We sought to better understand host defense against rhinovirus by investigating antiviral defense in primary human nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cells cultured ex vivo. Surprisingly, upon rhinovirus infection or RIG-I stimulation, nasal-derived epithelial cells exhibited much more robust antiviral responses than bronchial-derived cells. Conversely, RIG-I stimulation triggered more robust activation of the NRF2-dependent oxidative stress response in bronchial cells compared to nasal cells. NRF2 activation dampened epithelial antiviral responses, whereas NRF2 knockdown enhanced antiviral responses and was protective during rhinovirus infection. These findings demonstrate a tradeoff in epithelial defense against distinct types of airway damage, namely, viral versus oxidative, and reveal differential calibration of defense responses in cells derived from different airway microenvironments.

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Section: Star⋆methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Differences in Airway Epithelial Cells Reveal Tradeoff between Defense against Oxidative Stress and Defense against Rhinovirus

et al. 2018

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“…The clinical implication of this study is that sinusitis may be overdiagnosed using current guidelines. While viral PCR on nasal samples is not feasible or sufficient to exclude bacterial sinusitis at the time of a clinical diagnosis, the measurement of nasal cytokines (adaptable to a point-of-care assay) may reflect a host response ascribable to a viral infection [24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Clinical Characteristics Of Upper Respiratory Infections Prementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Virological Characteristics of Acute Sinusitis in Children

DeMuri

Eickhoff

Gern

et al. 2019

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Background. Acute bacterial sinusitis is a frequent complication of viral upper respiratory infection (URI). We describe the clinical and virologic features of URIs that remain uncomplicated and those that precede an episode of sinusitis. We hypothesize that certain viruses are more likely to lead to acute sinusitis, and we compare viruses identified at the time of diagnosis of sinusitis with those identified early in the URI.Methods. Children aged 48-96 months were followed longitudinally for 1 year. Nasal samples were obtained at surveillance visits, on Day 3-4 of the URI, and on Day 10, when sinusitis was diagnosed. Molecular diagnostic testing was performed on nasal washes for common respiratory viruses and pathogenic bacteria. A standardized score was used to quantify symptom severity.Results. We evaluated 519 URIs, and 37 illnesses in 31 patients met the criteria for sinusitis. Respiratory syncytial virus was detected more frequently in URI visits that led to sinusitis, compared to in uncomplicated URIs (10.8% vs 3.4%; P = .05). New viruses were detected in 29% of sinusitis episodes, and their pattern was different than those patterns observed at surveillance. The median number of URIs per subject per year was 1 (range 0-9) in uncomplicated URI subjects and 3 (range 1-9) in sinusitis subjects (P < .001).Conclusions. Children who developed sinusitis experienced more frequent URIs, compared to children whose URIs remained uncomplicated. When nasal samples were obtained on the day of diagnosis of acute sinusitis, nearly 30% of children had a new virus identified, suggesting that some children deemed to have sinusitis were experiencing sequential viral infections.

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“…Most studies to date have focused on blood; however, analysis of the nasal respiratory epithelium which is the site of infection might offer advantages. Although data are limited, several recent papers demonstrate that nasopharyngeal host response can also be used as a diagnostic for respiratory viruses [93,123,124].…”

Section: Distinguishing Viral and Bacterial Respiratory Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory viral infections

Falsey

2019

Genomic and Precision Medicine

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Antiviral Response in the Nasopharynx Identifies Patients With Respiratory Virus Infection

Abstract: Host antiviral mRNAs and single host proteins detectable using nasopharyngeal swabs accurately predict the presence of viral infection. This approach holds promise for developing rapid, cost-effective tests to improve management of patients with respiratory illnesses.

Cited by 46 publications

References 38 publications

Regional Differences in Airway Epithelial Cells Reveal Tradeoff between Defense against Oxidative Stress and Defense against Rhinovirus

Regional Differences in Airway Epithelial Cells Reveal Tradeoff between Defense against Oxidative Stress and Defense against Rhinovirus

Clinical and Virological Characteristics of Acute Sinusitis in Children

Respiratory viral infections

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