Antiviral prophylaxis in haematological patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Yahav, Dafna; Gafter‐Gvili, Anat; Muchtar, Eli; Skalsky, Keren; Kariv, Galia; Yeshurun, Moshe; Leibovici, Leonard; Paul, Mical

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2009.08.010

Cited by 60 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…However, in general, the antiviral prophylaxis used by the Service consists of the administration of Aciclovir, beginning concomitantly with chemotherapy treatment. These findings corroborated controlled clinical trial studies with the use of Aciclovir in patients with hematologic diseases, in whom a reduction of 80-90% in risk of infection by HSV was observed 12,18 . In relation to fungal infections it is known that in individuals with leukopenia due to myelosuppression, the main fungal infection were caused by Candida albicans, resulting not only from neutropenia, but also from the use of broad spectrum antibiotics and inadequate oral hygiene 19 .…”

Section: Fungal and Viral Oral Infections In Individuals With Onco-hesupporting

confidence: 74%

Fungal and viral oral infections in individuals with onco-hematologic neoplasms in a University Hospital

et al. 2017

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Introduction: Individuals undergoing onco-hematologic treatment present higher risk for developing oral and/or systemic infections, due to the intense immunosuppression and compromise of the mucosal barriers during treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the fungal and viral oral infections that most frequently affected patients undergoing onco-hematologic treatment in a University Hospital, and relate them to the biopsychosocial data, underlying disease and treatment. Methods: This was a crosssectional study in which descriptive analysis of the data was performed, and the Exact Fisher test was applied to verify the association between the infections and the variables: sex, age group, educational level, underlying disease and treatment, considering a 5% probability of error. Results and Discussion: The clinical exam revealed that oral candidiasis was present in 8.92% of the individuals, and herpes simplex, in 4.5%. No significant associations were found between the variables and infections. The fungal and viral oral infections were little prevalente in individuals with hematologic neoplasms in the present study, suggesting that the action of dental surgeons in caring for the onco-hematologic patients at the Institution evaluated and the protocols use were efficient.

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Section: Fungal and Viral Oral Infections In Individuals With Onco-hesupporting

confidence: 74%

Fungal and viral oral infections in individuals with onco-hematologic neoplasms in a University Hospital

et al. 2017

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“…Prophylactic antiviral treatment has been shown to reduce the incidence of VZV infections in the pre-and postengraftment period, but in only one trial that examined the effect of antiviral treatment during episodes of intensive chemotherapy no effect was reported [55].…”

Section: Other Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Infections in Adult Patients with Haematological Malignancies

Nørgaard¹

2012

TOIDJ

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Abstract:Patients with haematological malignancies are at increased risk of infections not only because of the malignancy itself but also because of neutropenia induced by intensive chemotherapeutic treatment, and the cytotoxic effect on the cells that line the alimentary tract. In haematological malignancy patients with a compromised inflammatory response, the classic signs and symptoms of infection may be masked. The results of blood cultures therefore play an important diagnostic role. Bacteraemia is a relatively common serious complication occurring in around 15% of patients with haematological malignancies within the first years after diagnosis but the risk varies between different types of haematological malignancies. Other risk factors for bacteraemia are presence of mucositis, neutropenia, and use of central venous catheters. Invasive fungal diseases are also serious infectious complications in this population. Viral infections are particularty often in patients that have received a bone marrow transplant. Future work in this field could focus on potential modifiable risk factors and on how time since haematological diagnosis may influence risk of infection.

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“…However, infections may become chronic and result in physical disabilities, social exclusion, and psychological distress over time (1). Moreover, severe and even life-threatening infections can particularly occur in newborns (2) and in immunocompromised individuals (3)(4)(5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Overcoming drug-resistant herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection by a humanized antibody

Krawczyk

Arndt

Grosse‐Hovest

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

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Despite the availability of antiviral chemotherapy, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) infections remain a severe global health problem. Of particular concern is the growing incidence of drug resistance in immunocompromised patients, which stresses the urgency to develop new effective treatment alternatives. We have developed a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb hu2c) that completely abrogates viral cell-to-cell spread, a key mechanism by which HSV-1/2 escapes humoral immune surveillance. Moreover, mAb hu2c neutralized HSV fully independent of complement and/or immune effector cell recruitment in a highly efficient manner. Prophylactic and therapeutic administration of mAb hu2c completely prevented infection-related mortality of severely immunodeficient mice being challenged with a lethal dose of HSV-1. The high neutralization capacity of mAb hu2c was fully maintained toward clinical HSV isolates being multiresistant to standard antiviral drugs, and infection was fully resolved in 7/8 nonobese diabetic/SCID mice being infected with a multidrug resistant HSV-1 patient isolate. Immunohistochemical studies revealed no significant cross-reactivity of the antibody toward human tissues. These features warrant further clinical development of mAb hu2c as an immunotherapeutic compound for the management of severe and particularly drugresistant HSV infections.acyclovir resistance | immunocompromised mice | stem cell transplantation

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Antiviral prophylaxis in haematological patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 60 publications

References 88 publications

Fungal and viral oral infections in individuals with onco-hematologic neoplasms in a University Hospital

Fungal and viral oral infections in individuals with onco-hematologic neoplasms in a University Hospital

Risk of Infections in Adult Patients with Haematological Malignancies

Overcoming drug-resistant herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection by a humanized antibody

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