Antiviral properties of select carbon nanostructures and their functionalized analogs

Gupta, Indrani; Azizighannad, Samar; Farinas, Edgardo T.; Mitra, Somenath

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102743

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In addition to hydrophobicity, CNTs also provide a significant active surface for partitioning the kerosene phase [14,15,23,29]. Rapid adsorption-desorption on the CNT surface resulted in active diffusion of the kerosene, which increased permeate flux [16,23,24,[30][31][32][33][34]. On the other hand, micro/nano water droplets quickly rolled and coalesced due to repulsive forces on CNTs, during which they interacted with one another and began to assemble into larger droplets [4,5,[7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Proposed Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Enhanced Filtration and Dewatering of Kerosene

et al. 2022

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Current approaches to dewatering aviation fuel such as kerosene are adsorption by activated charcoal, gravity separation, etc. The objective of this work is to develop and demonstrate the filtration and dewatering of kerosene using a carbon nanotube immobilised membrane (CNIM). Highly hydrophobic membranes were prepared by immobilising carbon nanotube (CNTs) over polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane for the dewatering of ppm level water from kerosene. The effects of different CNT concentrations on membrane morphology, hydrophobicity, porosity, and permeability were characterised. After immobilising CNT into membranes, the contact angle increased by 9%, 16%, and 43% compared to unmodified 0.1 μm PTFE, 0.22 μm PTFE and 0.22 μm PVDF membranes, respectively. The CNIM showed remarkable separation efficiency for the fuel-water system. The micro/nano water droplets coalesced on the CNT surface to form larger diameters of water droplets detached from the membrane surface, leading to enhanced water rejection. In general, the water rejection increased with the amount of CNT immobilised while the effective surface porosity over pore length and flux decreased. PTFE base membrane showed better performance compared to the PVDF substrate. The CNIMs were fabricated with 0.1 and 0.22 μm PTFE at an optimised CNT loading of 3 and 6 wt.%, and the water rejection was 99.97% and 97.27%, respectively, while the kerosene fluxes were 43.22 kg/m2·h and 55.44 kg/m2·h respectively.

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Section: Proposed Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Enhanced Filtration and Dewatering of Kerosene

et al. 2022

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“…The antiviral mechanism of CNTs have been explored in our previous study [ 40 ]. The phage viruses adhere to the CNTs via van der Waals forces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As of now, there are very few reports related to the antiviral properties of hybrid nanomaterials. Recently, our group has reported the antibacterial properties of CNTs using E. coli and G. stearothermophilus strains, and the antiviral properties of different functionalized CNTs using bacteriophages as a surrogate [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. It is believed that the strong physical and chemical interactions between CNTs and MO can complement each other and lead to enhanced antiviral activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Antiviral Effects of Metal Oxides and Carbon Nanotubes

Gupta

Azizighannad

Farinas

et al. 2022

IJMS

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In this research, the synergistic antiviral effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and metal oxides (MO) in the form of novel hybrid structures (MO-CNTs) are presented. Raw CNTs, Ni(OH)2, Fe2O3 and MnO2, as well as Ni(OH)2-CNT, Fe2O3-CNT and MnO2-CNT were explored in this study against Escherichia. coli MS2 bacteriophage, which was used as a virus surrogate. The nano particles were synthesized and characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Kinetic parameters such as the LD50 (lethal dose to kill 50% of the population), T50 and T80 (time taken to kill 50% and 80% of the population), SGR (specific growth rate) and IRD (initial rate of deactivation of the population) were also studied to examine the antiviral efficacy of these nanomaterials. Among all the nanomaterials, Ni(OH)2-CNT was the most effective antiviral agent followed by Fe2O3-CNT, MnO2-CNT, raw CNTs, Ni(OH)2, Fe2O3 and MnO2. When comparing the metal oxide-CNTs to the raw CNTs, the average enhancement was 20.2%. The average antiviral activity enhancement of the MO-CNTs were between 50 and 54% higher than the MO itself. When compared to the raw CNTs, the average enhancement over all the MO-CNTs was 20.2%. The kinetic studies showed that the LD50 of Ni(OH)2-CNT was the lowest (16µg/mL), which implies that it was the most toxic of all the compounds studied. The LD50 of Ni(OH)2, Fe2O3 and MnO2 were 17.3×, 14.5× and 10.8× times greater than their corresponding hybrids with the CNTs. The synergistic mechanism involved the entrapment of phage viruses by the nano structured CNTs leading to structural damage along with toxicity to phage from the release of MO ions. The metal oxide-CNT nano hybrids developed in this project are promising candidates in applications such as antiviral coatings, nanocomposites, adsorbents and as components of personal protection gears.

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“…All of the carbon nanomaterials established themselves as effective antiviral agents ( Figure 6 ) against a broad spectrum of viruses [ 62 , 63 ]. Thus, all the carbon nanomaterials were extensively probed by researchers around the globe to find out their effective inhibition capacity against the novel coronavirus.…”

Section: Applications Of Carbon Nanomaterials Against Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of Carbon Nanomaterials as Effective Nano-Avenues to Fight against COVID-19

Sengupta¹,

Hussain

2023

Materials

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COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), a viral respiratory ailment that was first identified in Wuhan, China, in 2019, and then expanded globally, was caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severity of the illness necessitated quick action to cease the virus’s spread. The best practices to avert the infection include early detection, the use of protective clothing, the consumption of antiviral medicines, and finally the immunization of the patients through vaccination. The family of carbon nanomaterials, which includes graphene, fullerene, carbon nanotube (CNT), and carbon dot (CD), has a great deal of potential to effectively contribute to each of the main trails in the battle against the coronavirus. Consequently, the recent advances in the application of carbon nanomaterials for containing and combating the SARS-CoV-2 virus are discussed herein, along with their associated challenges and futuristic applicability.

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Antiviral properties of select carbon nanostructures and their functionalized analogs

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Carbon Nanotube Enhanced Filtration and Dewatering of Kerosene

Carbon Nanotube Enhanced Filtration and Dewatering of Kerosene

Synergistic Antiviral Effects of Metal Oxides and Carbon Nanotubes

The Emergence of Carbon Nanomaterials as Effective Nano-Avenues to Fight against COVID-19

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