Antiviral Properties of R. tanguticum Nanoparticles on Herpes Simplex Virus Type I In Vitro and In Vivo

Shen, Meng-xin; Ma, Nian; Li, Minke; Liu, Yuan-yuan; Tian, Chen; Wei, Fei; Li, Dongying; Hou, Wei; Xiong, Hairong; Yang, Zhaoen

doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00959

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…C-glycosylflavonoid extracted from Cecropia glaziovii has been formulated into PLGA nanoparticles [ 179 ], and chloroquine diphosphate has been incorporated into poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles [ 180 ] for HSV treatment. More recently, a Chinese herbal plant, Rheum tanguticum , was collected from the high mountains, ground down, and formulated into nanoparticles with a high-pressure homogenizer to suppress HSV-1 infections [ 181 ].…”

Section: Nanotechnology Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology for virus treatment

et al. 2021

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Section: Nanotechnology Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology for virus treatment

et al. 2021

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“…Natural products and their derivatives are used for treatment of various ailments since pre-historic times. A large number of herbal products and their constituents have shown promising inhibitory activity related to viral infections in humans (Ganta et al, 2017;Panda et al, 2017;Shen et al, 2019;Bahramsoltani and Rahimi, 2020). In 2002, during SARS-CoV outbreak in China, several clinical research projects were initiated on administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in combination with Western medicine for treatment of SARS-CoV infection (WHO, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Products as Inhibitors of Coronavirus 3CL Protease

Mandal¹,

Jha

Hazra

2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has created an alarming situation due to extensive loss of human lives and economy, posing enormous threat to global health security. Till date, no antiviral drug or vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 has reached the market, although a number of clinical trials are under way. The viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro), playing pivotal roles in coronavirus replication and polyprotein processing, is essential for its life cycle. In fact, 3CLpro is already a proven drug discovery target for SARS- and MERS-CoVs. This underlines the importance of 3CL protease in the design of potent drugs against COVID-19.Methods: We have collected one hundred twenty-seven relevant literatures to prepare the review article. PubMed, Google Scholar and other scientific search engines were used to collect the literature based on keywords, like “SARS-CoVs-3CL protease,” “medicinal plant and anti-SARS-CoVs-3CL protease” published during 2003–2020. However, earlier publications related to this topic are also cited for necessary illustration and discussion. Repetitive articles and non-English studies were excluded.Results: From the literature search, we have enlisted medicinal plants reported to inhibit coronavirus 3CL protease. Some of the plants like Isatis tinctoria L. (syn. Isatis indigotica Fort.), Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold and Zucc., Psoralea corylifolia L., and Rheum palmatum L. have exhibited strong anti-3CLpro activity. We have also discussed about the phytochemicals with encouraging antiviral activity, such as, bavachinin, psoralidin, betulinic acid, curcumin and hinokinin, isolated from traditional medicinal plants.Conclusion: Currently, searching for a plant-derived novel drug with better therapeutic index is highly desirable due to lack of specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2. It is expected that in-depth evaluation of medicinally important plants would reveal new molecules with significant potential to inhibit coronavirus 3CL protease for development into approved antiviral drug against COVID-19 in future.

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“…Chinese medicine has played a critical role in treating whether the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 or the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Similarly, traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients have been proven to have significant anti-herpes simplex virus effects ( Li et al, 2018 ; Shen et al, 2019 ; Feng et al, 2020 ). JZ-1 is an in-hospital preparation that has been used clinically for many years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

JieZe-1 Alleviates HSV-2 Infection-Induced Genital Herpes in Balb/c Mice by Inhibiting Cell Apoptosis via Inducing Autophagy

Shao

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Objectives: Genital herpes (GH) is a common sexually transmitted disease mainly caused by herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). JieZe-1 (JZ-1) is an in-hospital prescription that has been used in Tongji Hospital for many years to treat various lower female genital tract infectious diseases. Our previous study showed that JZ-1 can protect against HSV-2 infection in vitro by inducing autophagy. However, whether JZ-1 can protect against HSV-2 infection in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms involved still remain unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to address above questions.Methods: 8-week-old female balb/c mice were injected intravaginally with HSV-2 to establish GH model. The symptom score, body weight, and histological examination were recorded to assess the animal model of HSV-2 infected and the therapeutic effect of JZ-1. Inflammatory response was determined by detecting inflammatory cells infiltration and local cytokines levels. After then, under autophagy inhibitor chloroquine application, we measured the levels of cell apoptosis and autophagy and investigated the relationship between enhanced autophagy and cell apoptosis. Next, the classic PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis was examined, and in vitro experiment was carried out for further verification.Results: Our results showed that JZ-1 administration significantly reduces symptom score, increases weight gain and alleviates histological damage in HSV-2 infection-induced GH in balb/c mice. JZ-1 administration obviously ameliorates inflammatory responses with reduced T-lymphocytes, T helper cells, macrophages and neutrophils infiltration, and local IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and CCL2 levels. HSV-2 infection leads to massive cell apoptosis, which was also restored by JZ-1. Meanwhile, we found that HSV-2 infection blocks autophagic flux in vivo and JZ-1 administration induces autophagy. After chloroquine application, it was observed that the inhibition of autophagy is strongly associated with increased cell apoptosis, whereas the promotion of autophagy remarkedly decreases apoptosis. These results suggested that JZ-1 inhibits cell apoptosis in GH by inducing autophagy, which was further supported in later in vitro experiment. Additionally, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was also downregulated by JZ-1 administration.Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that JZ-1 can alleviate HSV-2 infection-induced GH in balb/c mice by inhibiting cell apoptosis via inducing autophagy, and the underlying mechanisms may be associated with the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

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Antiviral Properties of R. tanguticum Nanoparticles on Herpes Simplex Virus Type I In Vitro and In Vivo

Cited by 25 publications

References 48 publications

Nanotechnology for virus treatment

Nanotechnology for virus treatment

Plant Products as Inhibitors of Coronavirus 3CL Protease

JieZe-1 Alleviates HSV-2 Infection-Induced Genital Herpes in Balb/c Mice by Inhibiting Cell Apoptosis via Inducing Autophagy

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