Antiviral mechanisms of candidate chemical medicines and traditional Chinese medicines for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Li, Chang; Wang, Lin; Ren, Linzhu

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198073

Cited by 41 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…During the disease outbreak of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), 3CLpro was a proven drug discovery target. Molecular docking has also identified potential candidates as antiviral drugs; aliskiren, dipyridamole, mopidamol and rosuvastatin with a relatively high binding energy to viral 3CLpro [14]. In our study,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Atazanavir as a potential candidate for COVID19 drug due to its binding affinity to RdRp (Kd 21.83 nM) [14]. Interestingly, most of the viral sequences bearing the P4715L mutation also concurrently bear the D614G mutation in the Spike glycoprotein; this could suggest a synergistic effect of these mutations in these 2 important domains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous study has likewise established that coronaviruses can elicit receptor-independent viral entry into host cells [16]. Therefore, more focus should be given to understanding the mechanism of S2 domain mediating host-cell membrane fusion as potential cellular targets for antiviral therapy [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viral ORF3a and ORF10 proteins can synergistically attack heme on the host's hemoglobin 1-β chain, thereby disintegrating iron to form porphyrin, which will therefore result to less and less hemoglobin carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide, interfering with the heme pathway and extreme poisoning and inflammation of the hepatocytes [14]. Studies on chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have shown the inhibitory activities against viral S protein and ORF8 binding to porphyrin and against the viral ORF1ab, ORF3, and ORF10 proteins attacking heme to form porphyrin, thus easing respiratory distress symptoms [14]. The use of CQ and HCQ as a potent drug against coronavirus has generated a lot of controversies due to their adverse effects in patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutational Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Genome in African Population

Omotoso

Babalola

Matareek

2020

Preprint

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly infectious and pathogenic virus has claimed lot of lives globally since its outbreak in December 2019 posing dire threat on public health, global economy, social and human interaction. At moderate rate, mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome are evolving which might have contributed to viral genome variability, transmission, replication efficiency and virulence in different regions of the world. The present study elucidated the mutational landscape in SARS-CoV-2 genome among the African population, which may have contributed to the virulence, pathogenicity and transmission observed in the region. Multiple sequence alignment of the SARS-CoV-2 genome (356 viral protein sequences) was performed using ClustalX version 2.1 and phylogenetic tree was built using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) X software. ORF1ab polyprotein, spike glycoprotein, ORF3, ORF8 and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein were observed as mutational hotspots in the African population and may be of keen interest in the adaptability of SARS-CoV-2 to the human host. While, there is conservation in the envelope protein, membrane glycoprotein, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b and ORF10. The accumulation of moderate mutations (though slowly) in the SARS-CoV-2 genome as revealed in our study, could be a promising strategy to develop drugs or vaccines with respect to the viral conserved domains and host cellular proteins and/or receptors involved in viral invasion and replication to avoid a new viral wave due to drug resistance and vaccine evasion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutational Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Genome in African Population

Omotoso

Babalola

Matareek

2020

Preprint

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“…A number of antiviral nucleotide analogues such as favipir (FAV), ribavirin and remdesivir (RMD) have gained importance for treatment of SARS-CoV2 and undergoing clinical trials. FAV (originally designed for swine flu) has RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity (RdRp) against nCoV2, has been recommended strictly for emergency use in china as it has teratogenic potential [ 56 ].…”

Section: Old Bullets For New Target: Drugs For Mitigating the Symptommentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding the silent walk of COVID-19: Halting its spread using old bullets

Kumar¹,

Madan²,

Sodhi³

et al. 2021

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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Investigation of developmental toxicity of favipiravir on fetal bone and embryonic development

Bilir

Atay

Fırat

et al. 2022

Birth Defects Research

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Background Favipiravir is one of the essential antiviral drugs used for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in some countries. However, there is not enough information about used, especially in pregnancy. Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to determine the developmental toxicity of favipiravir on fetal bone development and embryonic development. Methods In this study, 16 pregnant wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into four groups: Control (saline) and Group A (50 mg/kg × 5 days), Group B (50 mg/kg × 1 days + 20 mg/kg × 4 days), Group C (20 mg/kg × 5 days). Solutions were administered to the rats by oral gavage from the 10th to 14th days of pregnancy, twice a day. The skeletal system development of fetuses was examined with double skeletal staining and immunohistochemical staining methods. Results A total of 72 fetuses from pregnant rats, 18 in each group, were included in the study. As a result, depending on favipiravir dose increase, in experimental groups, it was determined that the statistically significant decrease on the ossification rates of anterior and posterior extremity bones, and length and weight of fetuses. Conclusion Exposure to favipiravir during pregnancy impairs bone metabolism and bone formation‐resorption stages and may cause developmental delay.

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Antiviral mechanisms of candidate chemical medicines and traditional Chinese medicines for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cited by 41 publications

References 108 publications

Mutational Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Genome in African Population

Mutational Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Genome in African Population

Decoding the silent walk of COVID-19: Halting its spread using old bullets

Investigation of developmental toxicity of favipiravir on fetal bone and embryonic development

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