Antiviral Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extracts on Human Norovirus in Food Models and Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids

Živković, Irena; Šavikin, Katarina; Živković, Jelena; Zdunić, Gordana; Janković, Teodora; Lazić, Dejan; Radin, Dragoslava

doi:10.1007/s11130-021-00895-7

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Total polyphenols accounted for 500 g/L; PC derivatives represent 95% of total phenolics, while EA derivatives and GA represent only 5%. Similar results were observed by Zivkovic et al [ 49 ]; they found that pomegranate wastewater extract contains punicalin (197.13 mg/g), punicalagin (54.23 mg/g), and ellagic acid (25.42 mg/g) found to be dominant in peel extract. On the other hand, Coronado-Reyes et al [ 50 ] found that pomegranate peel is a more important source of punicalagin and ellagic acid than aryls, where the punicalagin content of the crust ranged from 114.6 to 282 mg/g dry weight.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Pomegranate Pomace Extract with Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antimicrobial, and Antiviral Activity Enhances the Quality of Strawberry-Yogurt Smoothie

et al. 2022

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Valorizing the wastes of the food industry sector as additives in foods and beverages enhances human health and preserves the environment. In this study, pomegranate pomace (PP) was obtained from the company Schweppes and exposed to the production of polyphenols and fiber-enriched fractions, which were subsequently included in a strawberry-yogurt smoothie (SYS). The PP is rich in carbohydrates and fibers and has high water-absorption capacity (WAC) and oil-absorption capacity (OAC) values. The LC/MS phenolic profile of the PP extract indicated that punicalagin (199 g/L) was the main compound, followed by granatin B (60 g/L) and pedunculagin A (52 g/L). Because of the high phenolic content of PP extract, it (p ≤ 0.05) has high antioxidant activity with SC50 of 200 µg/mL, besides scavenging 95% of DPPH radicals compared to ascorbic acid (92%); consequently, it reduced lung cancer cell lines’ viability to 86%, and increased caspase-3 activity. Additionally, it inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi i.e., L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, A. niger, and C. glabrata, in the 45–160 µg/mL concentration range while killing the tested isolates with 80–290 µg/mL concentrations. These isolates were selected based on the microbial count of spoiled smoothie samples and were identified at the gene level by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The interaction between Spike and ACE2 was inhibited by 75.6%. The PP extract at four levels (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.4 mg/mL) was added to strawberry-yogurt smoothie formulations. During 2 months storage at 4 °C, the pH values, vitamin C, and total sugars of all SYS decreased. However, the decreases were gradually mitigated in PP-SYS because of the high phenolic content in the PP extract compared to the control. The PP-SYS3 and PP-SYS4 scored higher in flavor, color, and texture than in other samples. In contrast, acidity, fat, and total soluble solids (TSS) increased at the end of the storage period. High fat and TSS content are observed in PP-SYS because of the high fiber content in PP. The PP extract (1.2 and 1.6 mg/mL) decreases the color differences and reduces harmful microbes in PP-SYS compared to the control. Using pomegranate pomace as a source of polyphenols and fiber in functional foods enhances SYS’s physiochemical and sensory qualities.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Pomegranate Pomace Extract with Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antimicrobial, and Antiviral Activity Enhances the Quality of Strawberry-Yogurt Smoothie

et al. 2022

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“…21 Also, ellagitannins and anthocyanins have a synergistic effect in enhancing the prevention of pathogens as antimicrobial and stimulate the growth of beneficial microbes in the human gut and antiviral properties against human noroviruses. [22][23][24][25] Hence the importance of pomegranate peel extracts and their practical importance in terms of they may be important natural additives for the food industry to improve safety, quality, food preservation and prevent food contamination. 26,27 Adenovirus Adenoviruses (ADVs) are non-enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses of over 70 species (genotypes) of which seven are classified into human Adenovirus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Pomegranate Peel: A Waste Treasure for Antiviral Activity

2022

TJNPR

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Agricultural waste has always been a global problem that causes environmental pollution, and thanks to the efforts of scientists, this agricultural waste has become not a neglected product, but rather a source of many effective chemical compounds that have industrial, pharmaceutical and food applications. Viral disease therapy has attracted a great deal of scientific interest worldwide. Therefore, the pace of research is increasing for effective and safe treatment. The potential inhibitory activity of pomegranate peel extract polyphenols against virus for effective viral disease therapy has attracted a great deal of scientific interest. The aim of this review was to present an overview of the pomegranate peel effects on viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza virus, Norovirus, Adenovirus, Herpes simplex virus, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Pomegranate is consumed as fresh fruit and juice for its reported health benefits as antioxidant, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticarcinogenic activities, and improves cardiovascular as well as oral health. The health benefits of pomegranate have been attributed to its wide range of phytochemicals, which are predominantly polyphenols, ellagitannins, anthocyanins, and other polyphenols. Instead of the pomegranate peel being a neglected product, it is considered as a promising antiviral agent which also offers other health benefits without side effects.

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“…(2015) mentioned that more than 80% of HuNoV GII.4P infectivity was reduced by grape seed extract mainly composed of pro‐anthocyanidins, catechin, and epicatechin in suspension. In another study, pomegranate peel and Suaeda japonica extracts damaged the capsid protein and virions of NoV, leading to reduction values of more than 3.7 and 2.9 log, respectively (Živković et al., 2021).…”

Section: Inactivation Of Foodborne Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative nonthermal technologies for inactivation of emerging foodborne viruses

Han

Hyun

Son

et al. 2023

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Various foodborne viruses have been associated with human health during the last decade, causing gastroenteritis and a huge economic burden worldwide. Furthermore, the emergence of new variants of infectious viruses is growing continuously. Inactivation of foodborne viruses in the food industry is a formidable task because although viruses cannot grow in foods, they can survive in the food matrix during food processing and storage environments. Conventional inactivation methods pose various drawbacks, necessitating more effective and environmentally friendly techniques for controlling foodborne viruses during food production and processing. Various inactivation approaches for controlling foodborne viruses have been attempted in the food industry. However, some traditionally used techniques, such as disinfectant-based or heat treatment, are not always efficient. Nonthermal techniques are considered a new platform for effective and safe treatment to inactivate foodborne viruses. This review focuses on foodborne viruses commonly associated with human gastroenteritis, including newly emerged viruses, such as sapovirus and Aichi virus. It also investigates the use of chemical and nonthermal physical treatments as effective technologies to inactivate foodborne viruses.

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Antiviral Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extracts on Human Norovirus in Food Models and Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Pomegranate Pomace Extract with Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antimicrobial, and Antiviral Activity Enhances the Quality of Strawberry-Yogurt Smoothie

Pomegranate Pomace Extract with Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antimicrobial, and Antiviral Activity Enhances the Quality of Strawberry-Yogurt Smoothie

An Overview of Pomegranate Peel: A Waste Treasure for Antiviral Activity

Innovative nonthermal technologies for inactivation of emerging foodborne viruses

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