Antiviral Effects of Menthol on Coxsackievirus B

Taylor, David J.; Hamid, Syed Muhammad; Andres, Allen M.; Saadaeijahromi, Hannaneh; Piplani, Honit; Germano, Juliana F.; Song, Yang; Sawaged, Savannah; Feuer, Ralph; Pandol, Stephen J.; Sin, Jon

doi:10.3390/v12040373

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…HeLa cells were cultured (12 plates, mean 253,000 cells/plate) for 24hr at 37ºC (5% CO 2 ). Recombinant coxsackievirus B (pMKS1) expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP-CVB) was prepared as previously described [ 17 ]; half were exposed to NB-UVA (2000 μW/cm 2 ) for 20min while the other half were not exposed. HeLa cells were then transfected with NB-UVA-exposed or NB-UVA-unexposed virus (multiplicity of infection (MOI) = 0.1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet A light effectively reduces bacteria and viruses including coronavirus

et al. 2020

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Antimicrobial-resistant and novel pathogens continue to emerge, outpacing efforts to contain and treat them. Therefore, there is a crucial need for safe and effective therapies. Ultraviolet-A (UVA) phototherapy is FDA-approved for several dermatological diseases but not for internal applications. We investigated UVA effects on human cells in vitro, mouse colonic tissue in vivo, and UVA efficacy against bacteria, yeast, coxsackievirus group B and coronavirus-229E. Several pathogens and virally transfected human cells were exposed to a series of specific UVA exposure regimens. HeLa, alveolar and primary human tracheal epithelial cell viability was assessed after UVA exposure, and 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine was measured as an oxidative DNA damage marker. Furthermore, wild-type mice were exposed to intracolonic UVA as an in vivo model to assess safety of internal UVA exposure. Controlled UVA exposure yielded significant reductions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridioides difficile, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans. UVA-treated coxsackievirus-transfected HeLa cells exhibited significantly increased cell survival compared to controls. UVA-treated coronavirus-229E-transfected tracheal cells exhibited significant coronavirus spike protein reduction, increased mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein and decreased coronavirus-229E-induced cell death. Specific controlled UVA exposure had no significant effect on growth or 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in three types of human cells. Single or repeated in vivo intraluminal UVA exposure produced no discernible endoscopic, histologic or dysplastic changes in mice. These findings suggest that, under specific conditions, UVA reduces various pathogens including coronavirus-229E, and may provide a safe and effective treatment for infectious diseases of internal viscera. Clinical studies are warranted to further elucidate the safety and efficacy of UVA in humans.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet A light effectively reduces bacteria and viruses including coronavirus

et al. 2020

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“…In fact, a recent study has proposed a role for TRPM8 activation in limiting the severity of human enterovirus, Coxsackievirus B virus infection [ 78 ]. Another one discovered a short TRPM8 isoform, termed 4TM-TRPM8, in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane of keratinocytes and prostate epithelial cells [ 79 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cool things to know about TRPM8!

Iftinca

Altier

2020

Channels

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Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channels play a central role in the detection of environmental cold temperatures in the somatosensory system. TRPM8 is found in a subset of unmyelinated (C-type) afferents located in the dorsal root (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion (TG). Cold hypersensitivity is a common symptom of neuropathic pain conditions caused by cancer therapy, spinal cord injury, viral infection, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, or withdrawal symptoms associated with chronic morphine treatment. Therefore, TRPM8 has received great attention as a therapeutic target. However, as the activity of TRPM8 is unique in sensing cool temperature as well as warming, it is critical to understand the signaling transduction pathways that control modality-specific activity of TRPM8 in healthy versus pathological settings. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the TRPM8 activity.

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“…Menthol has been reported to have direct virucidal effects on herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 via suppression of viral entry to host or interference with the viral envelope. It has also exhibited antiviral effects against Coxsackievirus B, by stimulating transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) and lowering the levels of mitochondrial fission during infection 54 . Quercetin a flavonoid compound widely distributed in vegetables, fruits and various medicinal plants including Mentha arvensis, presents a compelling approach in treating various diseases and improving human health and wellbeing 55 .…”

Section: Plausible Role Of Arq Ajib In Combating Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plausible role of Arq Ajīb in combating COVID-19: A multi-faceted review

Anwar

Ahmed

Begum

2021

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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The current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a massive change in every aspect of our lives. It has grossly affected the healthcare system, business and world trade, disruption of movement and supply of essential goods and has crippled the global economy. Although few vaccines have been approved for the control of disease, targeted therapy options for this virulent disease still remain limited and elusive. Exhaustive search for potent therapeutic candidate is in progress, for which herbal armory are also being explored. Medicinal plants and their products play a vital role in alleviating various diseases and have been reported to exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Plant-based drugs with antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulotry activities were hypothetically considered as potential drugs to prevent and mitigate the prevailing situation caused by SARS-CoV-2. Arq Ajīb ‘a Unani formulation’ presents compelling approach in treating numerous diseases. The ingredients of Arq Ajīb and their phytocompounds have been reported for wide-ranging pharmaco-biological activities including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulotry, anti-allergic, antitussive and bronchodilatory activities. Scientific data available on the formulation ingredients and their phytocompounds indicates that the formulation may have a significant role in augmenting the immune status of individual, protecting them from infection and providing symptomatic relief to patients affected with COVID-19. Hence, it may be considered as a potential drug for the development of novel therapeutic candidate for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This multi-faceted review highlights the therapeutic significance and pharmacological actions of Arq Ajīb and its ingredients to demonstrate the plausible role of the formulation in combating COVID-19. Keywords: Arq Ajīb, COVID-19, Pudina, Ajwain, Camphor, Unani formulation

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Antiviral Effects of Menthol on Coxsackievirus B

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Ultraviolet A light effectively reduces bacteria and viruses including coronavirus

Ultraviolet A light effectively reduces bacteria and viruses including coronavirus

The cool things to know about TRPM8!

Plausible role of Arq Ajīb in combating COVID-19: A multi-faceted review

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