Antiviral effects of Bovine antimicrobial peptide against TGEV in vivo and in vitro

Abstract

Background: In suckling piglets, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) causes lethal diarrhea accompanied by high infection and mortality rates, leading to considerable economic losses. This study explored methods of preventing or inhibiting their production. Bovine antimicrobial peptide-13 (APB-13) has antibacterial, antiviral, and immune functions. Objectives: This study analyzed the efficacy of APB-13 against TGEV through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods: The effects of APB-13 toxicity and virus inhibition rate on swine testicular (ST) cells were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The impact of APB-13 on virus replication was examined through the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID 50). The mRNA and protein levels were investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot (WB). Tissue sections were used to detect intestinal morphological development. Results: The safe and effective concentration range of APB-13 on ST cells ranged from 0 to 62.5 µg/mL, and the highest viral inhibitory rate of APB-13 was 74.1%. The log 10 TCID 50 of 62.5 µg/mL APB-13 was 3.63 lower than that of the virus control. The mRNA and protein expression at 62.5 µg/mL APB-13 was significantly lower than that of the virus control at 24 hpi. Piglets in the APB-13 group showed significantly lower viral shedding than that in the virus control group, and the pathological tissue sections of the jejunum morphology revealed significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: APB-13 exhibited good antiviral effects on TGEV in vivo and in vitro.

The Antimicrobial Peptide Mastoparan X Protects Against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection, Inhibits Inflammation, and Enhances the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier

“… Daneshmand et al (2020) investigated the effect of the addition of the antimicrobial peptide cLFchimera (20 mg/kg) to the diet of broiler chickens in the context of necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge and found that cLFchimera ameliorated intestinal lesions and changes to the villus morphology in the jejunum. Liang et al (2020) found that bovine antimicrobial peptide-13 (APB-13) had good antiviral activity against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and significantly reduced the piglet diarrhea induced by TGEV, thereby improving the intestinal villus morphology. Previous studies demonstrated that the antimicrobial peptide MccJ25 could protect against enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) infection and significantly alleviate the destruction of intestinal morphology and changes in villus morphology in mice infected with ETEC ( Ding et al, 2020 ).…”

Antimicrobial peptides: mechanism of action, activity and clinical potential

“…Besides the antibacterial activity, AMPs also have a broad-spectrum antiviral activity against the enveloped viruses. For example, bovine antimicrobial peptide-13 effectively inhibits the viral proliferation by disruption of the viral protein synthesis and the viral gene expression in transmissible gastroenteritis virus [ 181 ]. The anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity of AMPs, such as protegrin and indolicidin, have been attributed to blocking the adhesion and entry of the virus by targeting the viral membrane glycoprotein [ 182 , 183 ].…”

PandoraGAN: Generating antiviral peptides using Generative Adversarial Network

“…Such dataset of 130 peptides is further utilized while training GAN. The peptides taken from literature and clinical trials are listed in following references - HIV candidates (Liang et al , 2020; Shi et al , 2016; Chupradit et al , 2017; Coffey et al , 1997); SARS COV (Xia et al , 2020); MERS (Zhao et al , 2016);T20 (Ding et al , 2017);Hepatitis B (Lempp et al , 2016);…”