Antiviral Compounds from Myxobacteria

Abstract

Viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) pose an ongoing threat to human health due to the lack of effective therapeutic agents. The re-emergence of old viral diseases such as the recent Ebola outbreaks in West Africa represents a global public health issue. Drug resistance and toxicity to target cells are the major challenges for the current antiviral agents. Therefore, there is a need for identifying agents with novel modes of action and improved efficacy. Viral-based illnesses are further aggravated by co-infections, such as an HIV patient co-infected with HBV or HCV. The drugs used to treat or manage HIV tend to increase the pathogenesis of HBV and HCV. Hence, novel antiviral drug candidates should ideally have broad-spectrum activity and no negative drug-drug interactions. Myxobacteria are in the focus of this review since they produce numerous structurally and functionally unique bioactive compounds, which have only recently been screened for antiviral effects. This research has already led to some interesting findings, including the discovery of several candidate compounds with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. The present review looks at myxobacteria-derived antiviral secondary metabolites.

Comparative Genomics and Pan-Genomics of the Myxococcaceae, including a Description of Five Novel Species: Myxococcus eversor sp. nov., Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis sp. nov., Myxococcus vastator sp. nov., Pyxidicoccus caerfyrddinensis sp. nov., and Pyxidicoccus trucidator sp. nov.

“…For instance, the predatory myxobacteria (Order Myxococcales) are the origin of numerous bioactive compounds, including antibiotics, antivirals, and cytotoxins ( Herrmann et al. 2017 ; Mulwa and Stadler 2018 ). Sophisticated hunters, myxobacteria are able to sense signals from prey, which stimulates predatory behaviors and suppresses multicellular fruiting body development ( Lloyd and Whitworth 2017 ).…”

Meta-16S rRNA Gene Phylogenetic Reconstruction Reveals the Astonishing Diversity of Cosmopolitan Myxobacteria

“…Over the past decades, more than 100 new carbon skeleton metabolites and over 600 derivatives have been identified from thousands of myxobacterial strains. These metabolites include polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, and hybrids thereof, and exhibit remarkable antifungal, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antiviral, immunosuppressive, antimalarial, and antioxidative activities with different modes of action [10]. Therefore, myxobacteria have proven to be a promising source for new bioactive metabolites.…”

The synergistic antifungal activity of resveratrol with azoles against Candida albicans

“…HP20 macroporous adsorption resin was added to each fermentation product and then eluted with methanol. The methanol was evaporated to obtain the crude extract of myxobacterial secondary metabolites (Mulwa and Stadler 2018). All of the metabolites generate a highly diversified secondary metabolites library of myxobacteria from the Qinling Mountains.…”