Antiviral agents: Nonantiviral drugs

Brown, Tricia J.; McCrary, Monica L.; Tyring, Stephen K.

doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.121033

Cited by 31 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…Acyclovir (ACV) is the compound chosen for clinical use against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in systemic or topical therapy (Brown et al, 2002). Other ACV-related nucleoside analogs, all targeted against viral DNA synthesis, have recently been approved for human use (De Clercq, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral activity of extracts from Brazilian seaweeds against herpes simplex virus

Soares¹,

Robaina²,

Mendes³

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Organic extracts of 36 species of marine algae (sixteen species of Rhodophyta, eight species of Ochrophyta and twelve species of Chlorophyta) from seven locations on the Brazilian coast were evaluated for their anti-HSV-1 and anti-HSV-2 activity resistant to Acyclovir (ACV). Activity tests in crude extracts, followed by the identification of the major compounds present, were performed for all species. The chemical profiles of all crude extracts were obtained by 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. The percentage of extracts with antiviral activity was higher for HSV-1 (86.1%) than for HSV-2 (55.5%). The green algae Ulva fasciata and Codium decorticatum both showed the highest activity (99.9%) against HSV-1, with triacylglycerols and fatty acids as the major components. The red alga Laurencia dendroidea showed good activity against HSV-1 (97.5%) and the halogenated sesquiterpenes obtusol and (-)-elatol were identified as the major components in the extract. Against HSV-2, the green alga Penicillus capitatus (Chlorophyta) and Stypopodium zonale (Ochrophyta) were the most active (96.0 and 95.8%). Atomaric acid, a meroditerpene, was identified as the major secondary metabolite in the S. zonale extract. These results reinforce the role of seaweeds as important sources of compounds with the potential to enter into the pipeline for development of new drugs against herpes simplex.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral activity of extracts from Brazilian seaweeds against herpes simplex virus

Soares¹,

Robaina²,

Mendes³

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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“…Although there has been a dramatic increase in the use of acyclovir, penciclovir and their prodrugs valacyclovir and famciclovir over the past decades, HSV resistance as yet is no significant problem in clinical practice [19,29]. A possible explanation for this observation may be the finding that the vast majority of resistant HSV isolates studied to date exhibit reduced pathogenicity relative to wild-type virus [30].…”

Section: Hsv Resistancementioning

confidence: 86%

“…Intravenous infusions may be associated with phlebitis, infusion-site inflammation and reversible renal impairment caused by a crystalline nephropathy. A pregnancy registry of more than 1,000 women who received acyclovir systemically before or during early pregnancy did not show increased rates of miscarriage or birth defects [19]. However, the use of acyclovir for pregnant women should be considered carefully.…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For more than 20 years, acyclovir use has been considered safe and well tolerated, regardless of the route of administration [19]. Topical use may infrequently cause the development of erythema, itching and contact dermatitis.…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Topical treatment can be performed with acyclovir 5% ointment and with acyclovir 5% cream. Acyclovir 5% ointment is indicated for initial herpes genitalis and limited mucocutaneous HSV infections in immunocompromised individuals and should be applied to all lesions 6 times daily for 7 days [19]. Acyclovir cream is mainly used for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis.…”

Section: Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Penciclovir Cream – Improved Topical Treatment for Herpes simplex Infections

Schmid‐Wendtner

Korting

2004

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Human herpesviruses can be found worldwide and cause many viral infections in immunocompetent as well as in immunocompromised patients. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) diseases can be the cause of life-threatening disease, especially in neonates. After initial infection, HSV persists latently in host neurons with the risk of periodical reactivation over a lifetime. The development of acyclovir, a potent and specific nucleoside inhibitor of the herpes DNA polymerase, was a milestone in the history of antiviral drugs in the late 1970s. During the last decades a better understanding of the replication and disease-causing state of HSV types 1 and 2 has been achieved enabling the development of new and potent antiviral compounds. In the mid-1990s, for example, valacyclovir and famciclovir were launched as prodrugs of acyclovir with improved bioavailability. Despite the numerous drugs available for the systemic treatment of HSV infections, the topical application of a cream containing an antiviral agent is still the most convenient method of treating herpes simplex labialis/facialis in the general population. For some time, the topical standard treatment for recurrent HSV infections has been acyclovir cream, despite the fact that the evidence for efficacy in recurrent episodes has been equivocal. Penciclovir, a novel acyclic nucleoside analogue, has demonstrated efficacy against HSV types 1 and 2 and seems to have a pharmacological advantage due to a prolonged half-life of its active form in HSV-infected cells. This review discusses and compares the topical treatment modalities available for HSV infections. As a conclusion, different studies are available that have shown that it is possible to reduce viral replication and hasten lesion resolution with 1% penciclovir treatment beyond the prodromal phase of the HSV infection. Comparing data of topical treatment with acyclovir and penciclovir revealed a superiority for penciclovir cream showing a significant decrease in time to lesion healing, lesion area and pain. While systemic acyclovir or valacyclovir may be valid drugs especially for HSV prophylaxis, 1% penciclovir cream should be preferred as topical treatment since there are good therapeutic results independent of the phase of development of herpetic eruptions.

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