Antiviral Agents From Fungi: Diversity, Mechanisms and Potential Applications

Linnakoski, Riikka; Reshamwala, Dhanik; Veteli, Pyry; Cortina-Escribano, Marta; Vanhanen, Henri; Marjomäki, Varpu

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02325

Cited by 91 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…This development process could involve direct or semi-synthetic methods, while the findings of this research could serve as a source of inspiration in the investigation of chemical scaffolds. Bioactive compounds that were obtained from fungi with potent antiviral activity are presently under investigation, and the number of studies is continually increasing [25][26][27][28][29][30]. Fungal bioactive compounds can be divided into two major groups of molecules; small organic molecules (secondary metabolites) produced by filamentous fungi, especially endophytic fungi, and high molecular weight compounds in the extracts or products that were obtained from the fruiting bodies of edible or medicinal mushrooms [26,[31][32][33].…”

Section: Potential Of Fungal Antiviral Bioactive Compounds As Proteasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Bioactive Compounds from Fungi as Potential Candidates for Protease Inhibitors and Immunomodulators to Apply for Coronaviruses

et al. 2020

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The inhibition of viral protease is an important target in antiviral drug discovery and development. To date, protease inhibitor drugs, especially HIV-1 protease inhibitors, have been available for human clinical use in the treatment of coronaviruses. However, these drugs can have adverse side effects and they can become ineffective due to eventual drug resistance. Thus, the search for natural bioactive compounds that were obtained from bio-resources that exert inhibitory capabilities against HIV-1 protease activity is of great interest. Fungi are a source of natural bioactive compounds that offer therapeutic potential in the prevention of viral diseases and for the improvement of human immunomodulation. Here, we made a brief review of the current findings on fungi as producers of protease inhibitors and studies on the relevant candidate fungal bioactive compounds that can offer immunomodulatory activities as potential therapeutic agents of coronaviruses in the future.

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Section: Potential Of Fungal Antiviral Bioactive Compounds As Proteasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Bioactive Compounds from Fungi as Potential Candidates for Protease Inhibitors and Immunomodulators to Apply for Coronaviruses

et al. 2020

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“…Within the area of Red Biotechnology, some investigations highlighted the potential of marine fungi to produce compounds of clinical interest with a wide array of antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant applications [140][141][142][143][144]. In the last few decades, new antibiotics have failed due to increasing antibiotic resistance [145], and the ever-increasing demand for new natural bioactive compounds to provide benefits in all the aspects of human life has stimulated the exploration of other different Earth environments for improving the safeness and effectiveness of these molecules [146].…”

Section: Fungi In Dhabs As Potential Producers Of Biomolecules For Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Fungi: Biotechnological Perspectives from Deep-Hypersaline Anoxic Basins

et al. 2019

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Deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs) are one of the most hostile environments on Earth. Even though DHABs have hypersaline conditions, anoxia and high hydrostatic pressure, they host incredible microbial biodiversity. Among eukaryotes inhabiting these systems, recent studies demonstrated that fungi are a quantitatively relevant component. Here, fungi can benefit from the accumulation of large amounts of organic material. Marine fungi are also known to produce bioactive molecules. In particular, halophilic and halotolerant fungi are a reservoir of enzymes and secondary metabolites with valuable applications in industrial, pharmaceutical, and environmental biotechnology. Here we report that among the fungal taxa identified from the Mediterranean and Red Sea DHABs, halotolerant halophilic species belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium can be used or screened for enzymes and bioactive molecules. Fungi living in DHABs can extend our knowledge about the limits of life, and the discovery of new species and molecules from these environments can have high biotechnological potential.

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“…This effect was observed exclusively at lower MOI, such as MOI 0.0001, which can be explained by the important infectivity and resistance of the virions. Indeed, non-enveloped viruses are much more stable and may stay active in wastewaters and on environmental surfaces for several months [41,42]. On the other hand, enveloped viruses are less stable and more prone to degradation.…”

Section: Antibacterial Activity Of Crude Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antiviral, Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Activities of the Endophytic Fungus Curvularia papendorfii, and Isolation of a New Polyhydroxyacid

et al. 2020

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An endophytic fungus isolated from Vernonia amygdalina, a medicinal plant from Sudan, was taxonomically characterized as Curvularia papendorfii. Ethyl acetate crude extract of C. papendorfii revealed an important antiviral effect against two viral pathogens, the human coronavirus HCoV 229E and a norovirus surrogate, the feline coronavirus FCV F9. For the last one, 40% of the reduction of the virus-induced cytopathogenic effect at lower multiplicity of infection (MOI) 0.0001 was observed. Selective antibacterial activity was obtained against Staphylococcus sp. (312 µg/mL), and interesting antiproliferative activity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 21.5 ± 5.9 µg/mL was observed against human breast carcinoma MCF7 cell line. Therefore, C. papendorfii crude extract was further investigated and fractionated. Twenty-two metabolites were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and two pure compounds, mannitol and a new polyhydroxyacid, called kheiric acid, were characterized. A combination of spectroscopic methods was used to elucidate the structure of the new aliphatic carboxylic acid: kheiric acid (3,7,11,15-tetrahydroxy-18-hydroxymethyl-14,16,20,22,24-pentamethyl-hexacosa-4E,8E,12E,16,18-pentaenoic acid). Kheiric acid showed an interesting result with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 62.5 µg/mL against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Hence, endophytes associated with medicinal plants from Sudan merit more attention, as they could be a treasure of new bioactive compounds.

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Antiviral Agents From Fungi: Diversity, Mechanisms and Potential Applications

Cited by 91 publications

References 171 publications

Natural Bioactive Compounds from Fungi as Potential Candidates for Protease Inhibitors and Immunomodulators to Apply for Coronaviruses

Natural Bioactive Compounds from Fungi as Potential Candidates for Protease Inhibitors and Immunomodulators to Apply for Coronaviruses

Marine Fungi: Biotechnological Perspectives from Deep-Hypersaline Anoxic Basins

Evaluation of Antiviral, Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Activities of the Endophytic Fungus Curvularia papendorfii, and Isolation of a New Polyhydroxyacid

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