Antiviral activity of natural and semisynthetic polysaccharides on the early steps of rubella virus infection

Abstract

The natural and semisynthetic carbohydrates scleroglucan, locust bean gum, tamarind gum (glyloid) and its three sulphate derivatives (GP4311, GP4327 and GP4324), glycogen and its two sulphate derivatives (GP4427 and GP4435), alginic acid and dextran sulphate, were investigated for their inhibitory effect on rubella virus (RV) infection of Vero cells. The neutral polymer scleroglucan and two highly negatively charged compounds, glyloid sulphate 4324 and dextran sulphate, had the highest inhibitory effect on RV antigen synthesis. The antiviral properties of active molecules appears to be dependent on the shape of the macromolecule and/or on the electric charge, while saccharide units play a minor role. The results indicated that polysaccharides blocked a step in virus replication subsequent to virus attachment, such as internalization and/or uncoating. Confirmation that the inhibitory activity of the compounds was directed at the early steps of RV multiplication, was that none of the polysaccharides had any effect on infection initiated by transfection of cells with RVRNA.

Influence of extraction conditions on properties of seed xyloglucan

“…With regard to biological applications and biological activity, derivatized xyloglucans from tamarind seeds, with different degrees of sulphatation, exhibited activity against rubeola virus [18] and the oligosaccharides, obtained via partial hydrolysis, and this led to a reduction of plasma lipids [19]. Xyloglucan have also been proposed as biomaterial for synthetic extracellular matrix for liver tissue engineering [20].…”

Sensory properties and consumer acceptance of sweet tamarind varieties grown in Thailand

“…Originally, the tree was native to Africa but has been introduced into south‐east Asia, India, the Caribbean, Mexico, the United States, and other areas. The fruit and extracts or components of the fruit are used as spices and flavorings in foods and beverages1 and can be used for medicinal purposes, including wound healing and as a laxative, carminative, febrifuge, vermifuge, and an anti‐inflammatory poultice 2–8…”

Cloning and Characterization of Two Xyloglucanases from Paenibacillus sp. Strain KM21

“…For example, in the cell walls of the growing plant, xyloglucan oligosaccharides may provide positive-or negative-feedback control during cell elongation (25). In addition, the physiological effects of xyloglucan oligoand polysaccharides have been shown in animals (16,(22)(23)(24)27). These studies demonstrate the importance of analyzing the fine structure of xyloglucan in order to elucidate the relationship between its physiological function and its structure.…”