Abstract:ObjectivesEchovirus 30 is a major cause of meningitis in children and adults. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the antifungal drug itraconazole could exhibit antiviral activity against echovirus 30.MethodsThe cytopathic effect and viral RNA levels were assessed in RD cells as indicators of viral replication. The effects of itraconazole were compared to those of two known antiviral drugs, rupintrivir and pleconaril. The time course and time-of-addition assays were used to approximate the time at… Show more
“…Conversely, in a hepatocyte cell line (Huh-7), itraconazole shows significant toxicity and no selective inhibition of EBOV replication. In addition to its antifungal properties, recent research has identified itraconazole as a potential cancer treatment and as an inhibitor of several viruses, including influenza virus, enteroviruses and coronaviruses [46][47][48][49][50]. The mechanisms for these newly discovered functions appear unrelated to its antifungal properties.…”
Despite recent advancements in the development of vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies for Ebola virus disease, treatment options remain limited. Moreover, management and containment of Ebola virus outbreaks is often hindered by the remote nature of the locations in which the outbreaks originate. Small-molecule compounds offer the advantage of being relatively cheap and easy to produce, transport and store, making them an interesting modality for the development of novel therapeutics against Ebola virus disease. Furthermore, the repurposing of small-molecule compounds, previously developed for alternative applications, can aid in reducing the time needed to bring potential therapeutics from bench to bedside. For this purpose, the Medicines for Malaria Venture provides collections of previously developed small-molecule compounds for screening against other infectious diseases. In this study, we used biologically contained Ebola virus to screen over 4,200 small-molecule drugs and drug-like compounds provided by the Medicines for Malaria Venture (i.e., the Pandemic Response Box and the COVID Box) and the Centre for Drug Design and Discovery (CD3, KU Leuven, Belgium). In addition to confirming known Ebola virus inhibitors, illustrating the validity of our screening assays, we identified eight novel selective Ebola virus inhibitors. Although the inhibitory potential of these compounds remains to be validated in vivo, they represent interesting compounds for the study of potential interventions against Ebola virus disease and might serve as a basis for the development of new therapeutics.
“…Conversely, in a hepatocyte cell line (Huh-7), itraconazole shows significant toxicity and no selective inhibition of EBOV replication. In addition to its antifungal properties, recent research has identified itraconazole as a potential cancer treatment and as an inhibitor of several viruses, including influenza virus, enteroviruses and coronaviruses [46][47][48][49][50]. The mechanisms for these newly discovered functions appear unrelated to its antifungal properties.…”
Despite recent advancements in the development of vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies for Ebola virus disease, treatment options remain limited. Moreover, management and containment of Ebola virus outbreaks is often hindered by the remote nature of the locations in which the outbreaks originate. Small-molecule compounds offer the advantage of being relatively cheap and easy to produce, transport and store, making them an interesting modality for the development of novel therapeutics against Ebola virus disease. Furthermore, the repurposing of small-molecule compounds, previously developed for alternative applications, can aid in reducing the time needed to bring potential therapeutics from bench to bedside. For this purpose, the Medicines for Malaria Venture provides collections of previously developed small-molecule compounds for screening against other infectious diseases. In this study, we used biologically contained Ebola virus to screen over 4,200 small-molecule drugs and drug-like compounds provided by the Medicines for Malaria Venture (i.e., the Pandemic Response Box and the COVID Box) and the Centre for Drug Design and Discovery (CD3, KU Leuven, Belgium). In addition to confirming known Ebola virus inhibitors, illustrating the validity of our screening assays, we identified eight novel selective Ebola virus inhibitors. Although the inhibitory potential of these compounds remains to be validated in vivo, they represent interesting compounds for the study of potential interventions against Ebola virus disease and might serve as a basis for the development of new therapeutics.
“…Because workforce perceive expertise, skills, knowledge and new ideas as the sources of competitive advantages, they sometimes reluctant to share with others [2]. This implies that individuals will be reluctant to share if the exchange does not benefit them [4].…”
Section: Visibility Improvementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In fact, previous studies in various field found that many workforce consider knowledge transfer practice as threats to his/her wellbeing. By transferring knowledge, others may have the opportunity to outpace the job promotions [1,2]. In reciprocal perspective, knowledge transfer or knowledge sharing may occur to two or more people when knowledge sharing intention is visible to both parties [3,4].…”
During the last five years, agro-industry has become national largest workforce absorption sector, in which 38.3 million to 48.5 million people work in this area. However, in average, the productivity level of workforce in agro-industry sector is considered to be the most alarming. This study aims to uncover the best practice on how to enhance the productivity growth within a leading Indonesian agro-industry manufacturing firm. Survey to 46 respondents confirms that knowledge sharing practice and visibility improvement have proven to be significantly positive to affecting the productivity growth within the firm.
“…Antifungal drugs Amphotericin B Impairing the attachment and internalization of the virus by host cells. In vitro Enterovirus 71 [ 96 ] Posaconazole Affecting intracellular cholesterol distribution by targeting oxysterol-binding protein In vitro Dengue virus [ 39 ] Itraconazole Suppressing viral RNA replication or polyprotein processing In vitro Enterovirus 71 [ 93 ] Affecting intracellular cholesterol distribution by targeting oxysterol-binding protein In vitro Dengue virus [ 39 ] Caspofungin Acting on viral main protease (Mpro) In silico SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 [ 63 ] Acting on viral nonstructural protein 12 In vitro SARS-CoV-2 [ 64 ] 3. Antiprotozoal agents Quinine Indirectly by inducing host cell defense mechanisms In vitro HSV-1 [ 16 ] Interfering with terminal glycosylation in Golgi apparatus.…”
Drug repurposing process aims to identify new uses for the existing drugs to overcome traditional de novo drug discovery and development challenges. At the same time, as viral infections became a serious threat to humans and the viral organism itself has a high ability to mutate genetically, and due to serious adverse effects that result from antiviral drugs, there are crucial needs for the discovery of new antiviral drugs, and to identify new antiviral effects for the exciting approved drugs towards different types of viral infections depending on the observed antiviral activity in preclinical studies or clinical findings is one of the approaches to counter the viral infections problems. This narrative review article summarized mainly the published preclinical studies that evaluated the antiviral activity of drugs that are approved and used mainly as antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and anthelmintic drugs, and the preclinical studies included the in silico, in vitro, and in vivo findings, additionally some clinical observations were also included while trying to relate them to the preclinical findings. Finally, the structure used for writing about the antiviral activity of the drugs was according to the families of the viruses used in the studies to form a better image for the target of antiviral activity of different drugs in the different kinds of viruses and to relate between the antiviral activity of the drugs against different strains of viruses within the same viral family.
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