Antiviral activity of chondroitin sulfate against infection by tobacco mosaic virus

Sano, Yoh

doi:10.1016/s0144-8617(97)00029-5

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…3,4 The conformation of the Chs chains in aqueous solution was deduced from the small angle scattering pattern. According to our experiments, the small angle neutron scattering patterns for the Chs solution without salt show a broad scattering intensity peak.…”

Section: Model and Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their system, the flocculation of the TMV particles is observed when the concentration of TMV and PEO are about 10-150 and about 1-10 mg/ml, respectively. On the other hand, in the case of TMV and Chs mixture, 3,4 the aggregation of TMV is observed when the concentrations of TMV and Chs are about 0.03-0.1 and about 1.3-4.0 mg/ ml, respectively. Thus Chs induces the isotropic-nematic transition of the TMV particles in a very low concentration region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…1,2 Recently, it was found that tobacco mosaic virus ͑TMV͒ infection is inhibited in the presence of polysaccharides such as chondroitin sulfate ͑Chs͒. 3,4 The TMV particle is a plant virus having a rigid rod shape of 15-18 nm diameter and 300 nm length. In the absence of Chs, the TMV particles are dispersed isotropically in water as shown in a transmission electron micrograph of Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The isotropic–nematic transition and the phase separation of the tobacco mosaic virus particles with polysaccharide

Urakami

Imai

Sano

et al. 1999

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The isotropic-nematic transition of the tobacco mosaic virus ͑TMV͒ particles by polysaccharide is related to a high inhibitory activity against TMV infection. We study the process of the isotropicnematic transition of the TMV particles as a function of the polysaccharide concentration by Monte Carlo simulations in three-dimensional continuous space. In these simulations, we simplify the TMV particles and the polysaccharide molecules as the hard spherocylinders and semirigid chains, respectively, and we assume the simple interactions for the TMV particles and the polysaccharide chains. In our simulation, with increasing concentration of the polysaccharide the homogeneously dispersed TMV particles begin to segregate without orientational ordering, that is isotropic phase separation, and then transform to the nematic state of the TMV particles. The isotropic-nematic transition is caused by simple interactions such as the excluded volume effect, and the complicated biological interaction is not necessary.

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Section: Model and Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The isotropic–nematic transition and the phase separation of the tobacco mosaic virus particles with polysaccharide

Urakami

Imai

Sano

et al. 1999

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…The mechanism of polysaccharide inhibitory activity is still not clear. However, since the inhibitory activity of stiff chain polysaccharides is higher than flexible chain ones it was assumed that thermodynamic incompatibility and a high excluded volume effect of a polysaccharide cause aggregation and precipitation of virus particles [45,46].…”

Section: Some Thermodynamic Aspects Of Digestion and Non-specific Immmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase behaviour of macromolecular components in biological and food systems

Tolstoguzov¹

2000

Nahrung

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Reasons for the greatly different phase behaviour of: (i) biological systems (cytoplasm of the cell), (ii) food systems and (iii) beverages are considered. The two phenomena: molecular mimicry and molecular symbiosis presumably control thermodynamic compatibility of biological macromolecules. The three interacting factors underlying molecular mimicry, are: (i) low excluded volume of densely packed protein globules, (ii) chemical resemblance of surfaces of the globules and (iii) the chemical information hidden in the hydrophobic interior of the globules. The symbiotic relationship presumably exists between rod-like macromolecules and protein globules, i.e. between macromolecules of the two extreme conformations typical of biopolymers. For instance, thermodynamic activity of an enzyme can be controlled by dissociation-association of rod-like macromolecules. Due to excluded volume effects, biopolymers behave as if they were in a solution of a higher concentration. Both molecular mimicry and molecular symbiosis could also be of importance for non-specific immune defence, digestion of proteins and formation of food structures. Unlike biological systems, thermodynamic incompatibility is typical of foods and still more of beverages. Denaturation, aggregation and complexing of food macromolecules decrease their mimicry and co-solubility. Due to their relatively low viscosity and high chemical and physical heterogeneity of macromolecules, the phase behaviour of beverages is similar to that of mixed solutions of synthetic polymers. Phase separation of biopolymer mixtures is of importance for controlling composition-property relationship in formulated food and drinks.

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“…1) In a transmission electron micrograph, the TMV particles are dispersed isotropically in water in the absence of Chs. In the presence of Chs, however, the TMV particles aggregate, and form raftlike structures.…”

Section: §1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Chondroitin Sulfate on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Configuration

Urakami

Imai

Sano

et al. 2000

Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl.

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Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles show the isotropic-nematic (I-N) transition as a function of Chondroitin sulfate (Chs) concentration, which brings a high inhibitory activity against TMV infection. In our previous paper, we demonstrated that the depletion force induced by TMV particles and Chs chains played an important role in the I-N transition, using Monte Carlo simulations for hard spherocylinders and semirigid polymer chains system. In this study, we modify the rigidity of polymer chain in order to examine the role of the depletion force in the I-N transition. The Chs chain concentration giving the I-N transition is increased with decreasing the rigidity of the chain, and this indicates that the entropic force governs the phase behavior of TMV+polymer system.

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Antiviral activity of chondroitin sulfate against infection by tobacco mosaic virus

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

The isotropic–nematic transition and the phase separation of the tobacco mosaic virus particles with polysaccharide

The isotropic–nematic transition and the phase separation of the tobacco mosaic virus particles with polysaccharide

Phase behaviour of macromolecular components in biological and food systems

The Effects of Chondroitin Sulfate on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Configuration

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